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历数中国十个龙年
中国百多年以来的十个龙年里，均发生了重大的历史事件。
1、1904年，商务印书馆创办《东方杂志》 1904年3月11日，商务印书馆于上海创办《东方杂志》。它历经辛亥革命、五四运动、抗日战争、解放战争等重大历史时期，紧跟时代脉搏，记录风云变幻，被誉为“中国近现代史的资料库”。《东方杂志》是中国近现代史上影响最大、刊龄最长的综合性杂志，刊登内容覆盖国内外政治、经济、文化、教育、军事等。创刊仅几年就广受好评，发行量居全国刊物之首。值得一提的是，1932年，胡愈之接任《东方杂志》主编后，筹划了《新年的梦想》特辑，并刊发了胡适、林语堂、徐悲鸿、巴金、茅盾等142人心中的244个梦想，引发社会各界高度关注。
2、1916年，袁世凯宣布取消帝制 1913年10月，窃取了辛亥革命成果的袁世凯就任中华民国正式大总统。独揽大权的他随后做起了“皇帝梦”，1915年12月12日，袁世凯宣布接受帝位，改国号为“中华帝国”，改民国五年为“洪宪元年”，并准备于1916年元旦正式登基。1916年3月22日，袁世凯被迫宣布取消帝制，恢复共和制。1916年6月6日，袁世凯在全国人民的唾骂声中病死。
3、1928年，“朱毛会师”井冈山 秋收起义后，毛泽东带领部队到达井冈山，创建了全国第一个农村革命根据地。1928年4月，毛泽东率领的秋收起义部队，和朱德、陈毅领导的南昌起义保存下来的部队与湘南起义部分部队，在井冈山龙市镇（原宁冈砻市）胜利会师。两军会师后，对部队进行了合编，成立工农革命军第四军，6月改称为中国工农红军第四军，简称红四军。“朱毛会师”，使“工农武装割据”的局面初步形成，加快了星星之火的燎原之势。最终汇成一股革命铁流，最终将红旗从井冈山插遍了全中国。
4、1940年，“最美奋斗者”雷锋出生 雷锋，原名雷正兴，1940年12月18日出生于湖南长沙。他因高尚品行和模范事迹而闻名，并以雷锋精神影响了后世一代代中国人。在短短22年的人生中，雷锋毫无私利之心，始终把群众放在心上，总是把方便让给别人，甘当革命的“傻子”。雷锋虽未创造惊天动地的英雄伟绩，但他把自己生命的每一分热、每一分光都无私地奉献给了人民。毛主席亲笔题词“向雷锋同志学习”。
5、1952年，人民英雄纪念碑动工兴建 1952年8月1日，人民英雄纪念碑正式动工兴建。1958年4月22日，人民英雄纪念碑落成竣工。虎门销烟、金田起义、武昌起义、五四爱国运动、五卅运动、南昌起义、抗日敌后游击战、百万雄师过大江……纪念碑上，一幅幅浮雕，浓缩着一百多年来惊天动地的中国革命历史。2018年4月27日，十三届全国人大常委会第二次会议通过了《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》。其中规定：“矗立在首都北京天安门广场的人民英雄纪念碑，是近代以来中国人民和中华民族争取民族独立解放、人民自由幸福和国家繁荣富强精神的象征，是国家和人民纪念、缅怀英雄烈士的永久性纪念设施。”
6、1964年，中国第一颗原子弹成功爆炸 1964年10月16日，中国第一颗原子弹在新疆罗布泊成功爆炸，震惊世界。这一辉煌成就，有力地打破了超级大国的核垄断和核讹诈，提高了中国的国际地位。此后不到三年，中国第一颗氢弹爆炸成功，成为世界上第四个拥有氢弹的国家。
7、1976年，唐山发生7.8级大地震 1976年7月28日凌晨，一场7.8级毁灭性地震袭击了具有百年历史、拥有百万人口的重工业城市——唐山。在同地震灾害斗争的过程中，唐山人民铸就了公而忘私、患难与共、百折不挠、勇往直前的抗震精神，谱写着可歌可泣的壮丽诗篇。如今，唐山早已浴火重生，凤凰涅槃。
8、1988年，中国内地首例试管婴儿诞生 1988年3月10日，中国内地首例试管婴儿在北京大学第三医院出生。父母给她起名为“萌珠”，既寓意着萌芽与开始，也为了感激她的缔造者——张丽珠教授。1978年，世界首例试管婴儿诞生后，张丽珠教授经过十年探索，克服重重困难，最终获得成功。据了解，当年的“萌珠”如今36岁，已结婚生子。此外，试管婴儿发展至今，其核心技术已更新至第四代。技术手段愈发成熟，也造福了无数家庭。
9、2000年，国内生产总值首次突破1万亿美元 2000年12月30日，国家统计局宣布，2000年中国国内生产总值首次突破1万亿美元。在这一年，中国完全摆脱了亚洲金融危机的影响，国民经济开始扭转下滑趋势，增长率明显提高。城乡居民收入稳定增长，生活水平继续提高，全国人民总体上实现了由温饱向小康的跨越。
10、2012年，“辽宁舰”正式交付海军 2012年9月25日，中国首艘航母辽宁舰交接入列，舷号“16”。这标志着中国实现了航母“零的突破”，向着海洋强国的目标迈出了重要一步。辽宁舰的前身为“瓦良格”号，其在建设周期中适逢苏联解体，工程被迫中断。1999年，中国购买该舰，2005年交付大连造船厂进行更改安装及继续建造。辽宁舰全长300多米，宽70多米，从龙骨到桅杆的高度达到60多米，满载排水量6万余吨。此后，随着“17”山东舰、“18”福建舰接连入列，人民海军迈入“三航母时代”。
英文翻译
In the past hundred years, ten Dragon Years in China have witnessed significant historical events.
1. In 1904, the Commercial Press established the "Oriental Magazine."
On March 11, 1904, the Commercial Press established the "Oriental Magazine" in Shanghai. It has witnessed major historical periods such as the Xinhai Revolution, May Fourth Movement, War of Resistance Against Japan, and Liberation War, closely following the pulse of the times and recording the ever-changing events. It is hailed as the "database of modern Chinese history." The "Oriental Magazine" is the most influential and longest-running comprehensive magazine in modern Chinese history, covering domestic and international politics, economy, culture, education, and military affairs. Within a few years of its establishment, it received widespread acclaim and had the highest circulation in the country. Notably, in 1932, after Hu Yu-zi took over as the editor-in-chief of the "Oriental Magazine," he planned a special feature called "Dreams for the New Year," which published the dreams of 244 people, including Hu Shi, Lin Yutang, Xu Beihong, Ba Jin, and Mao Dun, attracting high attention from all sectors of society.
2. In 1916, Yuan Shikai announced the abolition of the monarchy.
In October 1913, Yuan Shikai, who usurped the achievements of the Xinhai Revolution, officially became the President of the Republic of China. He later harbored the "emperor's dream." On December 12, 1915, Yuan Shikai announced his acceptance of the imperial throne, changing the country's name to the "Empire of China" and the fifth year of the Republic to the "Hongxian era," and was prepared to officially ascend the throne on New Year's Day in 1916. On March 22, 1916, Yuan Shikai was forced to announce the abolition of the monarchy and the restoration of the republic. On June 6, 1916, Yuan Shikai died amidst the scorn of the people.
3. In 1928, the "Zhu-Mao Meeting" at Jinggangshan.
After the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong led his troops to Jinggangshan, creating the country's first rural revolutionary base. In April 1928, Mao Zedong's Autumn Harvest Uprising forces, along with the forces saved from the Nanchang Uprising led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, met victoriously in Longshi Town, Jinggangshan (formerly Ninggang Loshimarket). After the meeting of the two armies, they were merged and the Fourth Army of the Revolutionary Army was established, which was renamed the Chinese Red Army Fourth Army in June, abbreviated as the Red Fourth Army. The "Zhu-Mao Meeting" led to the initial formation of the situation of "armed separatism of the workers and peasants," accelerating the momentum of the spark igniting the prairie fire. Ultimately, it formed a revolutionary torrent, eventually planting the red flag from Jinggangshan throughout China.
4. In 1940, the "Most Beautiful Struggler" Lei Feng was born.
Lei Feng, originally named Lei Zhengxing, was born on December 18, 1940, in Changsha, Hunan. He was renowned for his noble character and exemplary deeds, and his spirit influenced generations of Chinese. In his short 22 years of life, Lei Feng had no selfish motives, always putting the people first, always yielding convenience to others, and willingly being a "fool" for the revolution. Although Lei Feng did not achieve earth-shattering heroic feats, he selflessly dedicated every ounce of warmth and light of his life to the people. Chairman Mao personally inscribed the phrase "Learn from Comrade Lei Feng."
5、In 1952, the construction of the Monument to the People's Heroes began. On August 1, 1952, the groundbreaking ceremony took place, and on April 22, 1958, the monument was completed. The monument stands as a condensed symbol of the earth-shaking Chinese revolutionary history, depicting events such as the Hu Men Opium War, the Jintian Uprising, the Wuchang Uprising, the May Fourth Movement, the May Thirtieth Movement, the Nanchang Uprising, the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Warfare, and the crossing of the Yangtze River by the Million Heroes. On April 27, 2018, the Second Session of the 13th National People's Congress Standing Committee passed the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Heroes and Martyrs," which designated the Monument to the People's Heroes as a permanent memorial to the heroes and martyrs of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation's struggle for national independence, liberation, freedom, happiness, and prosperity.
6、In 1964, China successfully detonated its first atomic bomb in the Lop Nur region of Xinjiang, shocking the world and breaking the nuclear monopoly and coercion of the superpowers, thus elevating China's international status. Less than three years later, China successfully detonated its first hydrogen bomb, becoming the fourth country in the world to possess such a weapon.
7、On July 28, 1976, a devastating 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck the city of Tangshan, a historic industrial city with a population of millions. In the struggle against the earthquake disaster, the people of Tangshan demonstrated an indomitable spirit, forging a magnificent and moving epic of selflessness, solidarity, perseverance, and courage. Today, Tangshan has risen from the ashes like a phoenix.
8、In 1988, the first test-tube baby in mainland China was born at the Third Hospital of Peking University on March 10. Her parents named her "Mengzhu," symbolizing both the sprouting of new life and gratitude to her creator, Professor Zhang Lizhu. After ten years of exploration and overcoming numerous obstacles, Professor Zhang Lizhu achieved success following the world's first test-tube baby in 1978. "Mengzhu" is now 36 years old, married, and has children of her own. Since then, the core technology of test-tube babies has advanced to the fourth generation, benefiting countless families.
9、On December 30, 2000, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that China's Gross Domestic Product had surpassed $1 trillion for the first time. In that year, China completely shook off the impact of the Asian financial crisis, and the national economy began to reverse its downward trend, with a significant increase in growth rates. Both urban and rural residents' incomes steadily increased, and the overall living standards of the Chinese people continued to rise, achieving a leap from subsistence to a moderately prosperous society.
10、In September 25, 2012, China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, with the hull number "16", was officially commissioned into the navy. This marked a significant milestone for China as it achieved a breakthrough in aircraft carrier development and took a crucial step towards becoming a maritime power. Originally known as the "Varyag", the Liaoning's construction was interrupted due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 1999, China purchased the vessel and in 2005, it was delivered to the Dalian Shipyard for modification and continued construction. The Liaoning measures over 300 meters in length, over 70 meters in width, and has a height from keel to mast of over 60 meters, with a full load displacement of over 60,000 tons. Subsequently, with the commissioning of the "17" Shandong and "18" Fujian, the People's Liberation Army Navy entered the era of having three aircraft carriers.
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发表于 2024-2-15 10:44:12
