龙年龘龘

门球狂人

011

                      第一届中央军委

1949年10月20日，北京中南海颐年堂。毛主席和新中国的军事领导人们在一起合影，照片中有解放军高级将领，也有国民党的起义将领。

毛主席穿着一身庄重的中山装，位于C位，他是新成立的中央人民政府主席，也是军事委员会主席。

第一排从左至右是：粟裕、周恩来、朱德、毛泽东、程潜，刘少奇、陈毅；

第二排从左至右是：聂荣臻、高岗、张治中、邓小平、张云逸、刘斐；

第三排从左至右是：罗瑞卿、贺龙、蔡廷锴、傅作义、刘伯承。

共计18人。

新中国成立后，第一届中国人民革命军事委员会的领导是：

主席：毛泽东

副主席：朱德、刘少奇、周恩来、彭德怀、程潜、林彪、高岗。

他们的任命是在1949年10月19日的中央人民政府委员会第三次会议做出的。

中央人民政府委员会于1949年10月19日第三次会议通过任命名单，除了照片上的，还有彭德怀、林彪、徐向前、叶剑英、李先念、饶漱石、邓子恢、习仲勋、萨镇冰、龙云等10人。

英文翻译

On October 20, 1949, at the Yiyuan Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, Chairman Mao and the military leaders of the new China gathered for a group photo. The photo featured senior generals of the People's Liberation Army as well as defected generals from the Kuomintang.

Chairman Mao, dressed in a dignified Zhongshan suit, took the central position as the Chairman of the newly established Central People's Government and the Chairman of the Military Commission.

In the first row, from left to right, were: Su Yu, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Mao Zedong, Cheng Qian, Liu Shaoqi, Chen Yi;
In the second row, from left to right, were: Nie Rongzhen, Gao Gang, Zhang Zhizhong, Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Yunyi, Liu Fei;
In the third row, from left to right, were: Luo Ruiqing, He Long, Cai Tingkai, Fu Zuoyi, Liu Bocheng.

In total, there were 18 people in the photo.

After the establishment of the new China, the first leadership of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission consisted of:
Chairman: Mao Zedong
Vice Chairmen: Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai, Cheng Qian, Lin Biao, Gao Gang.

Their appointments were made during the third meeting of the Central People's Government Committee on October 19, 1949.

The Central People's Government Committee approved the appointment list during its third meeting on October 19, 1949, which included not only those in the photo, but also Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Xu Xiangqian, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Rao Shushi, Deng Zihui, Xi Zhongxun, Sa Zhenbing, and Long Yun, totaling 10 people.

打油

天有二十八宿，

地有二十八星，

念天地之悠悠，

独怆然而涕下。

门球狂人

012

                        领袖们

1959年新中国成立十周年时，13位党和国家领导人坐成一排的名为"领袖们"的照片。在正式拍摄之前，摄影师恰巧抓拍到毛主席说了一句话，引得大家都笑得开怀的一刹那，整个场面充满了欢乐和和谐。

左起：罗荣桓、董必武、宋庆龄、刘少奇、朱德、毛泽东、周恩来、邓小平、贺龙、陈毅、李先念、聂荣臻、罗瑞卿，计13人。

谁能猜到毛主席当时说了什么吗？或许我们无法确切知道他当时的话语，但可以尝试去想象。毛主席一向以幽默风趣而又深思熟虑的口才而闻名，他的言辞往往能引发人们的共鸣和欢笑。也许在这个场景中，毛主席说了一句风趣的话，让大家忍俊不禁。他可能以幽默的口吻调侃或是分享了一个趣闻轶事。无论他说了什么，这一刻的欢乐和轻松氛围都能让人感受到领袖们之间的亲近和友谊。

这张照片不仅是一幅记录历史的影像，更是展现了领袖们人性化的一面。他们不仅是伟大的决策者和领导者，也是普通人，会开怀大笑，会与他人分享快乐。

这张照片让我们回顾了过去，也让我们思考现在。作为普通人，我们也可以学习领袖们的幽默和乐观态度，用笑容和善意去面对生活中的挑战和困难。正如毛主席所说的那句话，它或许只是一句简单的笑话，但它却在照片中留下了一道快乐的痕迹，让我们感受到了领袖们的人性和亲近。

英文翻译

At the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1959, a photo was taken of 13 party and state leaders sitting in a row, titled "The Leaders". Before the official photo was taken, the photographer happened to capture a moment when Chairman Mao said something that made everyone burst into laughter, filling the scene with joy and harmony.

From left to right: Luo Ronghuan, Dong Biwu, Song Qingling, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, He Long, Chen Yi, Li Xiannian, Nie Rongzhen, Luo Ruiqing, a total of 13 people.

Who can guess what Chairman Mao said at that moment? Perhaps we cannot know for sure what his words were, but we can try to imagine. Chairman Mao was known for his humorous and thoughtful eloquence, his words often resonating and eliciting laughter from others. Perhaps in this scene, Chairman Mao said something witty that made everyone unable to contain their laughter. He may have joked in a humorous tone or shared an amusing anecdote. Whatever he said, the atmosphere of joy and relaxation in that moment made people feel the closeness and friendship among the leaders.

This photo is not only a record of historical images, but also shows the human side of the leaders. They are not only great decision-makers and leaders, but also ordinary people who can laugh heartily and share joy with others.

This photo allows us to look back on the past and also to reflect on the present. As ordinary people, we can also learn from the leaders' humor and optimistic attitude, facing life's challenges and difficulties with smiles and kindness. Just as Chairman Mao's words may have been just a simple joke, they left a happy trace in the photo, allowing us to feel the humanity and closeness of the leaders.

打油

开国元勋第一代，

十三领袖一字排，

共和国的领导人，

党和国家栋梁才。

门球狂人

【资料】
1986年10月9-13日，国家体委群体司在河北省石家庄举办了“首届全国老年人门球比赛”。这是全国第一次举办正式的门球赛事，全国各地都非常重视。上海队、湖南队、河北一队都是6战5胜一负，经过计算小分，湖南省获得冠军、上海队获得亚军、河北一队获得季军。

[color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.901961)]
[color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.901961)]

门球狂人

013      

                                                                             聊聊春晚

中国的春晚，已经陪中国人走过了四十个年头。众所周知，正式直播的春节联欢晚会是从1983年开始的。
其实，1982年就有了春晚，但没有现场直播，规模也只类似于现在的单位晚会，只有少数人参加，时间也是在元旦的时候，某种意义上说：1982年的春晚是后来春晚的试水之作。
在此之前，1956年，新中国历史上有过第一次春晚，阵容强大，含金量也很高，人们都是通过收音机和新闻片来收听和收看的。
从1983年第一届开始，我还是坚持每年都看的，这些年虽然也还看，但很难坚持再能看完了。
随着社会的进步和时间的推移，我觉得：春晚应由国家文化部门主办，这是他们的分内事，也可以说是让专业人办专业的事儿。
至于央视，其任务是报道，这个部门毕竟不是搞文化艺术的，搞文化艺术是文化部门的职责。
现在仍用央视取代国家文化部门去搞文化艺术演出，搞春晚，显得名不正言不顺。目前普遍反映众口难调、春晚水平不高，其原因不难理解。
由国家文化部门办春晚，央视转播春晚，是一种趋势或者说是必然。央视的专业是报道，报道各行各业的新闻，当然也包括报道转播春晚。就像国家的大型体育运动会由国家体育部门主办一样，央视转播体育赛事就可以了，而不是由央视去办体育运动会。
文化、体育、旅游以及很多的领域，都有着自身的职能，要发挥这些主管部门的积极性。


    The Chinese New Year Gala has accompanied the Chinese people for forty years. It is well known that the official live broadcast of the Spring Festival Gala began in 1983.


In fact, the Spring Festival Gala existed in 1982, but it was not broadcast live and the scale was similar to a company party with only a few people attending. It took place on New Year's Day. In a sense, the 1982 Spring Festival Gala was a trial run for the future galas.


Before that, in 1956, there was the first Spring Festival Gala in the history of New China, with a strong lineup and high quality. People listened to and watched it through radios and newsreels.


Since the first gala in 1983, I have persisted in watching it every year. Although I still watch it these years, it is difficult to watch it all the way through.


With the progress of society and the passage of time, I believe that the Spring Festival Gala should be organized by the national cultural department. This is their responsibility, and it can be said that professional matters should be handled by professionals.


As for CCTV, its mission is reporting, and this department is not primarily involved in cultural and artistic activities. Cultural and artistic activities fall within the purview of the cultural department.


The current situation, where CCTV replaces the national cultural department in organizing cultural and artistic performances such as the Spring Festival Gala, seems inappropriate. The general perception of the gala's quality being low is not difficult to understand.


It is a trend, or even a necessity, for the national cultural department to organize the Spring Festival Gala, with CCTV broadcasting it. CCTV's expertise lies in reporting news from all walks of life, including the broadcast of the gala. Just as the national sports events are organized by the national sports department, CCTV should broadcast sports events instead of organizing them.


Culture, sports, tourism, and many other fields have their own functions and should be allowed to fulfill their roles.

附：






（刘会军 甲辰年于涿州）




打油
春节联欢晚会，
应该与时俱进，
四十年后再发展，
回归文化部门。

门球狂人

014

                     又是一年大年初一

2024年2月10日（农历甲辰年）正月初一中午，我们全家人到了位于涿州徳信公园西侧的涿掌柜饭店。
这是不久前，我参加在那里举办的一次公务活动后决定的在那儿预定今年过年的饭。
预定的雅间很宽敞，8--12人，是288房间，888元的春节套餐。
我及夫人夫妇、亲家公亲家母夫妇、儿子儿媳夫妇、孙子、孙女共计八人参加。
这是甲辰龙年第一次全家出动的第一餐。
8人聚餐，288房间，888标准，寓意挺好的。

这样的事儿，过去有过两次了：
第一次是2022年（农历壬寅年 虎年）正月初一，全家人出动，在涿州辛庄饭店一个雅间就餐。
全家人对这项新举措表示满意。
当然啦，对孙子、孙女的压岁钱不可缺少。每人两千，这项计划自他们出生到他们参加工作后。觉得有必要，一直给下去也可以，毕竟我家以后的一切都是属于他们的。
第二次是2023年（农历癸卯年 兔年）正月初一，全家人出动，在涿州大路味道饭店一个雅间就餐。
这次聚餐时，我提出了一项开支计划：由我们出资，给儿子儿媳再购一辆车，便于他们的工作。这个举措在聚餐后很快就落实了。
第三次聚餐时，我提出了以后每年过年的第一餐换新的地方。从涿州的辛庄饭店、大路味道饭店、涿掌柜饭店，有过三次了，以后还会有更多新的地方。
三次聚餐，只有第二次时，全家人有一张照片留存。
这样的事儿是好事，做了，可以再做，形成惯例，以后就坚持做下去。

社会是在守成和创新中不断发展的。
今年觉得有几个变化，值得一记：
1、今年开始，我家大门口的春联是我请人写的，词儿是我自己编的。以后就是这个样子了，自编自写。
2、今年除夕，听到了久违的鞭炮声，觉得过去的年的味道又回来了。
3、前几天，参加了在涿州万全庄的年货大集、韩村的“村晚”。
4、今年立春始（2月4日），开始了一个长篇随笔的写作，书名初定为《龙年龘龘》。
5、在甲辰年立足涿州，也争取有几次走出涿州，做自己喜欢做的事儿。
6、一项撰写《四世同堂·文集》的计划于农历甲辰年正式启动。我家目前还不够（四世同堂）的基本条件，我觉得，再有十年，待我进入耄耋之年时，有可能达标。


（刘会军 2024.2.11于涿州）


英文翻译

On the first day of the Lunar New Year in 2024, my whole family gathered at the ZHUO's restaurant located on the west side of Dexin Park in Zhuozhou. Not long ago, I had attended a business event there and decided to book our Lunar New Year dinner at this restaurant. We reserved a spacious private room for 8-12 people, the 288 room, with a special Spring Festival package priced at 888 yuan. My wife and I, my in-laws, my son and daughter-in-law, as well as my grandchildren, a total of eight people, attended this special meal. It was the first family outing of the Year of the Dragon, and the significance of 8 people dining in the 288 room for 888 yuan was quite auspicious.

This was not the first time we had done something like this. The first time was on the first day of the Lunar New Year in 2022, the Year of the Tiger, when our family dined at a private room in Xinzhuang Restaurant in Zhuozhou. The family was very satisfied with this new tradition. Of course, the tradition of giving red envelopes to my grandchildren, each containing 2,000 yuan, has been in place since their birth and will continue until they start working. It is important for me to ensure that everything in our family belongs to them in the future.

The second time was on the first day of the Lunar New Year in 2023, the Year of the Rabbit, when we dined at a private room in Dalu Weidao Restaurant in Zhuozhou. During this meal, I proposed a plan to purchase a new car for my son and daughter-in-law, which was quickly implemented after the dinner.

During the third meal, I proposed to change the location for our first meal of the Lunar New Year every year. We have already dined at Xinzhuang Restaurant, Dalu Weidao Restaurant, and now ZHUO's restaurant in Zhuozhou. I plan to continue this tradition and explore new places in the future.

Out of the three meals, we only have a photo from the second one. It is a good tradition that can be continued and upheld in the future.

Society continues to develop through preservation and innovation. This year, I have noticed a few changes worth noting:
1. Starting this year, I have personally written the couplets for the door of our house and composed the words for them. This will be the new tradition - self-composed and self-written couplets.
2. On New Year's Eve, I heard the long-lost sound of firecrackers, bringing back the nostalgic feeling of previous years.
3. A few days ago, I attended the Lunar New Year market in Wanquan Zhuang and the "village evening" in Hancun.
4. Starting from the beginning of Spring (February 4th), I have begun writing a lengthy essay, tentatively titled "The Dragon Year's Tales."
5. In the Year of the Dragon, I plan to establish myself in Zhuozhou and also strive to engage in activities that I enjoy outside of Zhuozhou.
6. The plan to write a collection of essays titled "Four Generations Living Together" has officially started in the Year of the Dragon. My family currently does not meet the basic conditions of "four generations living together," but I believe that in another ten years, when I am in my old age, it may become a reality.

(Liu Huijun, February 11, 2024, Zhuozhou)

打油
又到大年初一，
写下些许东西。
守成创新都要有，
活得潇洒大气。

门球狂人

015

男人、女人、家庭、家族

文 刘会军

世界上的万物中，人，是第一宝贵的。

无论是唯物主义还是唯心主义，无论是资本主义还是社会主义，没有了人，就失去了意义。

世界上的人中，分为白种人、黑种人、黄种人，我们属于黄种人。

在一些西方人的眼里，他们分不清日本人、韩国人和中国人的区别。同理，在我们的眼里，也分不清英国人、法国人、德国人和俄罗斯人。

其实，在我们一般吃瓜群众看来：人就分为两种：中国人和外国人。

而我今天的文章，说的具体了：人，也就是分为男人和女人。

我是从河北农村走出来的，在原籍（河北安国）的十八年，打下了一个根深蒂固的烙印：重男轻女。

我们家，是安国刘庄的一个小户。

我记事时，老奶奶还活着，老爷爷早就不在了。老奶奶去世时谁也不知道她究竟活了多少岁，自她过了九十六岁以后，每逢过年人家给她拜年，问到岁数她就回答：96了。她是做减法，每逢过年就减一岁，有时也有长一岁，反正没个准数，最终她的排位写的是九十六岁。她老人家小脚，拄个拐棍，这个拐棍也是她的随身自卫武器，老太太一旦举起拐棍，神鬼皆怕，远遁。她因为人善，热衷于给小娃娃诊病，扶危救困，在安国县城里有很多的干儿子。她老人家去世的时候，来的一拨又一拨的磕头悼念的，我们家的人很多都不认识。我曾拄过老奶奶这个神棍，有点基础，以至于后来学校（刘庄小学）里演节目，我扮演时任美国总统约翰逊，带着一个挺高的帽子，拄着一根文明棍，一步三晃，口中念念有词。这个节目还被选到安国礼堂汇演。一起演出的还有和我一起光屁股长大的我家隔壁文增军（他年长我一岁，也大一辈，当时他扮演一名跨着冲锋枪的解放军战士），我俩一起当兵，退役后我到了涿州，他回了安国，退休后也在安国。

我的奶奶和我时间长一些，她于1976年逝世。其实，我当兵走的时候，她就得了半身不遂，言语不清了。我1976年第一次探家回到刘庄，她非常高兴，还张罗着要我去找对象瞧媳妇，我找媳妇她比我还高兴，乐呵呵的。乐极生悲，他老人家竟然乐死了。其实，她老人家的病已是也没有办法治了，完全是靠着精神力量撑着。我的爷爷死得早，我没有见过。

我的父母都是建国前后入党的老党员、干部，后来响应国家号召，父亲还留在城里上班，母亲带孩子回到刘庄。后来，两位老人在六十多岁的时候先后去世。

据我的记忆，我们刘家上三辈男人都命不长，都是女人操持家务当家做主。

我的这一辈，三男一女。我们哥儿仨都当过兵。

大爷是1971年到了成都军区，后，退役回安国。育有一个儿子。有孙女孙子。

我算是二爷了，1972年到了沈阳军区，后，退役到了涿州。育有一个儿子。有孙子孙女。

三爷1981年到了北京军区，后，退役到了安国。育有一个儿子、一个女儿。有孙子孙女、外孙子。

（我的妹妹，大排行老三，是姑奶奶了，他们夫妇育有一男，孙子辈两个。）

我们安国刘庄刘家老一辈三男一女都健在。我们的三家的后代中的中一辈，也是三男一女。

不是我重男轻女，我家的情况摆着呢。安国刘庄刘家一辈人中，出了三个兵，对国家的国防建设做贡献了啊。

我刘家的中一辈，出了两个兵，我的儿子和我弟弟的儿子，退役后都回到自己父母身边。

刘家的小一辈，人丁就更兴旺了，每个小家都儿女双全。

我的大侄子，先有一女，大学上学了；后有一男，上初中了。

我的儿子，先有一男，该上高中了，个子已超过1米8；后有一女，上小学了。

我的小侄子，先有一男，后有一女。

这两年我一直琢磨（也是研究课题）四世同堂。最近，研究出了第一个成果，在我所在的有着七十年历史的单位找到了一户家庭，是我所在单位唯一的一户。

过日子嘛，就是过的人气，就得要人丁兴旺。

从我们刘家的情况看。我们老哥儿仨有可能成为四世同堂的家庭。

“四辈男丁传承，原配老俩健在”，这标准说起来简单，做起来不易，完成者甚少。

这是一个关乎家庭、家族、民族、国家可持续发展的大问题，很有意义。

我既然是个研究者，那就近水楼台吧，从我们三家开始调研。

不展开了，大过年的，大家都忙，明白我的意思就行了。

昨天，接到我弟弟的消息，他家喜得千金。从我们这一辈算起，刘家第三辈实现了男女平衡，每家的隔辈人都是一男一女。

夜不能寐，浮想联翩，一挥而就，完成此文。  

（2023.1.21 大年三十 于涿州）

英文翻译

    In the world, people are the most precious of all things. Regardless of materialism or idealism, capitalism or socialism, without people, everything loses its meaning. Among the people in the world, there are white people, black people, and yellow people, and we belong to the yellow race. In the eyes of some Westerners, they cannot distinguish between Japanese, Korean, and Chinese people. Similarly, in our eyes, we cannot distinguish between British, French, German, and Russian people. In general, people are divided into two categories in our view: Chinese and foreigners. And today, I am specifically talking about people, who are divided into men and women.

I came from a rural area in Hebei, and in my hometown of Anguo, I spent eighteen years, leaving a deep-rooted impression of male superiority over females. Our family was a small household in Anguo's Liuzhuang. When I was young, my grandmother was still alive, but my grandfather had passed away. When my grandmother passed away, no one knew exactly how old she was. After she turned ninety-six, every time someone asked her age during the New Year, she would answer, "I'm 96." She subtracted years, sometimes adding years, and ultimately, her age was recorded as ninety-six. She had bound feet and used a cane, which also served as her self-defense weapon. Once she raised her cane, even ghosts and spirits were afraid and fled. She was kind and enthusiastic about helping children and aiding the needy, and she had many godsons in the county town of Anguo. When she passed away, many people who visited to pay their respects were unknown to our family. I had once used her divine cane, so I had some skills, and later in school (Liuzhuang Elementary School), I performed as the then U.S. President Johnson, wearing a tall hat and wielding a civilized cane, walking with a swagger and reciting lines. This performance was selected for a performance at the Anguo Auditorium. I performed with my neighbor, Wen Zengjun (he was a year older than me and a generation older, at the time he portrayed a soldier of the People's Liberation Army with a rifle), we both served in the military, and after retiring, I went to Zhuozhou, while he returned to Anguo and retired there as well.

My grandmother and I spent a long time together, and she suffered a stroke in 1976. When I returned to Liuzhuang for the first time in 1976, she was very happy and even arranged for me to find a wife. She was happier than me when I found a wife, and she was overjoyed. However, she passed away from happiness. In fact, her illness was incurable, and she was only able to hold on through sheer willpower. My grandfather passed away early, and I never got to meet him. Both of my parents were old party members and cadres who joined the party before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Later, in response to the country's call, my father stayed in the city to work, while my mother took the children back to Liuzhuang. Later, the two elderly people passed away in their sixties.

According to my memory, the men in the top three generations of our Liu family did not live long, and it was the women who managed the household and made the decisions.

In my generation, there are three men and one woman. All three of us brothers have served in the military.

Our grandfather joined the Chengdu Military Region in 1971 and later retired to Anguo, where he raised a son and has grandchildren.

I am the second brother, and I joined the Shenyang Military Region in 1972 before retiring to Zhuozhou, where I also raised a son and have grandchildren.

The third brother joined the Beijing Military Region in 1981 before retiring to Anguo, where he raised a son and a daughter, and has grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

(My sister, the youngest of us, has become a great-grandmother. She and her husband have a son and two grandchildren.)

All three brothers and one sister of the Liu family in Anguo are still alive. The next generation of our three families also consists of three men and one woman.

It's not that we favor boys over girls, it's just the situation in our family. In the Liu family in Anguo, three of us have served in the military, contributing to the national defense.

The next generation of the Liu family also thrives, with each family having both sons and daughters.

My eldest nephew had a daughter who is now in college, and later had a son who is now in middle school.

My son had a son who is now in high school and a daughter who is in elementary school.

My youngest nephew had a son and later had a daughter.

For the past two years, I have been studying the concept of "four generations under one roof." Recently, I found the first family in my unit, which has a history of seventy years.

Living a fulfilling life means having a thriving family. Looking at the situation in our Liu family, the three of us brothers have the potential to become a "four generations under one roof" family.

"Four generations of male descendants, with the original couple still alive," is a simple standard in theory, but it's not easy to achieve, and very few families have accomplished it. This is a significant issue related to the sustainable development of families, clans, nations, and the country.

As a researcher, I will start my research from our three families. I won't go into detail now, as it's the Lunar New Year and everyone is busy, but I hope you understand my intentions.

Yesterday, I received news from my brother that his family has welcomed a daughter. Starting from our generation, the third generation of the Liu family has achieved a balance of boys and girls, with each family having one son and one daughter.

Unable to sleep last night, I was filled with inspiration and completed this writing.

(January 21, 2023, Lunar New Year's Eve, in Zhuozhou)

门球狂人

016                   

                  现代发明（46项）

盘点46个对人类影响深远的现代发明，是一件很有意思的事儿。

Taking stock of 46 modern inventions that have had a profound impact on humanity is a fascinating endeavor.

01 手机（美国）

1973年4月，美国著名的摩托罗拉公司技术员马丁·库帕发明了世界上第一部平民可以使用的手机。

In April 1973, American technician Martin Cooper of the renowned Motorola company invented the world's first mobile phone that could be used by civilians.

02 电脑（美国）

世界上第一台通用计算机“ENIAC”于1946年2月14日在美国宾夕法尼亚大学诞生。发明人是美国人莫克利（JohnW.Mauchly）和艾克特。

The world's first general-purpose computer, "ENIAC," was born on February 14, 1946, at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. The inventors were Americans John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

03 高铁（德国）

德国是世界上试验高速列车最早的国家，时间可以追溯到一百多年前的1899年。当时普鲁士国家铁路联合10家电力和工程公司，在马林菲尔德至佐森长72公里的铁路线上进行高速列车试验。列车采用10KV、45HZ的三相交流电作为动力源。德国科隆道尔茨公司生产了2台轨道车，其中一辆车安装有西门子-哈尔斯克公司生产的电力设备，另一辆车的电力设备由德国AEG公司生产。

1965年，德国研制成功了DB Class 103电力机车，时速达到了200km/h。

Germany was the first country in the world to experiment with high-speed trains, dating back to over a hundred years ago in 1899. The Prussian State Railway, in collaboration with 10 electric and engineering companies, conducted high-speed train trials on a 72-kilometer railway line from Marienfelde to Zossen. The train used 10KV, 45HZ three-phase alternating current as its power source. In 1965, Germany successfully developed the DB Class 103 electric locomotive, which reached a speed of 200km/h.

04 飞机（美国）

莱特兄弟在1903年12月17日进行的飞行作为“第一次重于空气的航空器进行的受控的持续动力飞行”被国际航空联合会（FAI）所认可，同年他们创办了“莱特飞机公司”。

The Wright brothers' flight on December 17, 1903, was recognized by the International Aeronautical Federation (FAI) as the "first sustained, powered, heavier-than-air flight." That same year, they founded the "Wright Company."

05 光纤（美国）

1970年，美国康宁玻璃公司的卡普隆博士等三人经过多次的试验，终于研制出传输损耗仅为每千米20分贝的光纤。这样低损耗的光纤，在当时是惊人的成就，使光纤通信有了实现的可能。

In 1970, Dr. Kapron and two others from Corning Glass Company in the USA, after numerous experiments, finally developed fiber optics with a transmission loss of only 20 decibels per kilometer. This low-loss fiber optic was a remarkable achievement at the time, making optical communication a possibility.

06 卫星（前苏联）

1957年10月4日，前苏联人在拜科努尔发射场用P-7洲际导弹改装的“卫星”号运载火箭把世界上第一颗人造地球卫星“斯普特尼克1”号送入轨道，开创了人类航天新纪元。

On October 4, 1957, the former Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial Earth satellite, "Sputnik 1," using an R-7 intercontinental missile converted into a carrier rocket, marking the beginning of a new era in human space exploration.

07 光刻机（荷兰）

1984年4月1日，电子巨人荷兰飞利浦公司与荷兰先进半导体材料国际ASMI公司（1964年由Arthur del Prado创办，从代理起家逐步进入设备自己研发生产）各自出资210万美元合作成立了一家专注于开发光刻系统的公司，名字叫做ASM光刻，也就是今天的ASML，公司最初只有31名员工。公司成立的第一年，就推出了第一套光刻系统PAS2000 步进型。

On April 1, 1984, the electronic giant Philips and the Dutch advanced semiconductor materials company ASMI, founded by Arthur del Prado in 1964, formed a company dedicated to developing lithography systems, named ASM Lithography, now known as ASML. In its first year, the company introduced the first lithography system, the PAS2000 stepper.

08 核磁共振（美国）

20世纪30年代，美国物理学家伊西多·艾萨克·拉比就发现，在磁场中的原子核会沿磁场方向呈正向或反向有序平行排列，而施加无线电波之后，原子核的自旋方向发生翻转。这是人类关于原子核与磁场以及外加射频场相互作用的最早认识。

1946年，物理学家费利克斯·布洛赫和爱德华·米尔斯·珀塞耳发现位于磁场中的原子核受到高频电磁场激发会倾斜。而当高频场关闭后，原子核将释放吸收的能量，并且回归到原始状态。因其在磁共振成像理论基础方面的杰出贡献，伊西多·艾萨克·拉比获1944年诺贝尔物理学奖，费利克斯·布洛赫和爱德华·米尔斯·珀塞耳则分享了1952年诺贝尔物理学奖。

In the 1930s, American physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi discovered that the nuclei of atoms in a magnetic field would align themselves in a positive or negative orderly parallel manner. When radio waves were applied, the direction of the nuclear spin would flip. This was the earliest understanding of the interaction between atomic nuclei, magnetic fields, and an external radio frequency field by humans.

In 1946, physicists Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell discovered that the nuclei located in a magnetic field would tilt when excited by a high-frequency electromagnetic field. When the high-frequency field was turned off, the nuclei would release the absorbed energy and return to their original state. For their outstanding contributions to the theoretical basis of magnetic resonance imaging, Isidor Isaac Rabi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944, while Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952.

09 B超（美国）

美国科学家伊恩·唐纳德教授（Ian Donald）于1950年发明B超，首次用于妇科检查。

In 1950, American scientist Professor Ian Donald invented the B-scan ultrasound, which was first used for gynecological examinations.

10 胃镜（德国）

最早的胃镜是德国人库斯莫尔在1868年借鉴江湖吞剑术发明的库斯莫尔管，它其实就是一根长金属管，末端装有镜子。但因为这种胃镜容易戳破病人食道，因此不久就废弃了。1950年，日本医生宇治达郎成功发明软式胃镜的雏形——胃内照相机。

The earliest gastroscope was the Kussmaul tube, invented by the German Kussmaul in 1868, inspired by sword swallowing. It was essentially a long metal tube with a mirror at the end. However, this type of gastroscope was easily puncturing the patient's esophagus and was soon abandoned. In 1950, Japanese doctor Taro Uji successfully invented the prototype of a flexible gastroscope, known as the gastric camera.

11 激光（美国）

激光的理论基础起源于物理学家爱因斯坦。1958年，美国科学家肖洛（Schawlow）和汤斯（Townes）发现了一种神奇的现象：当他们将氖光灯泡所发射的光照在一种稀土晶体上时，晶体的分子会发出鲜艳的、始终会聚在一起的强光。根据这一现象，他们提出了"激光原理"，即物质在受到与其分子固有振荡频率相同的能量激发时，都会产生这种不发散的强光--激光。他们为此发表了重要论文，并获得1964年的诺贝尔物理学奖。

The theoretical basis of lasers originated from physicist Albert Einstein. In 1958, American scientists Schawlow and Townes discovered a miraculous phenomenon: when they shone the light emitted by a neon lamp on a rare earth crystal, the molecules of the crystal would emit a bright, always converging intense light. Based on this phenomenon, they proposed the "laser principle," which states that when matter is excited by energy with the same frequency as its molecular oscillation frequency, it will produce this non-divergent intense light - a laser. They published important papers on this and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964.

12 电视（英国）

人们通常把1925年10月2日苏格兰人约翰·洛吉·贝尔德（John Logie Baird）在伦敦的一次实验中“扫描”出木偶的图像看作是电视诞生的标志，他被称做“电视之父”。但是，这种看法是有争议的。因为，也是在那一年，美国人斯福罗金（Vladimir Zworykin）在西屋公司（Westinghouse）向他的老板展示了他的电视系统。

美国RCA1939年推出世界上第一台黑白电视机，到1953年设定全美彩电标准以及1954年推出RCA彩色电视机。

People often regard the scanning of the image of a puppet by the Scottish John Logie Baird in London in October 1925 as the birth of television, and he is known as the "father of television." However, this view is controversial because in that same year, American Vladimir Zworykin demonstrated his television system to his boss at Westinghouse. The first black and white television was introduced by RCA in the United States in 1939, and the standards for color television were set in 1953, with RCA releasing the first color television in 1954.

13 汽车（德国）

1886年 卡尔·奔驰制造出世界上首辆三轮汽车；1888年 奔驰生产出世界上第一辆供出售的汽车。

In 1886, Karl Benz manufactured the world's first three-wheeled automobile. In 1888, Benz produced the world's first car for sale.

14 液晶显示器（美国）

19世纪后期，科学家就发现了液晶这种东西。液晶的特点是能够随着温度的变化，在浑浊和透明之间转变，但很多年间大家都不知道这东西有什么实际用处。一直到了1960年代，一家美国公司开始把液晶用于显示技术。

这家美国公司现在已经消失了，当初可是鼎鼎大名，叫美国无线电公司（Radio Corporation of America，简称（RCA），是彩色电视机的发明者，二战之后是美国乃至全世界电视机工业的主导者。

In the late 19th century, scientists discovered the existence of liquid crystal, which has the unique ability to change between opaque and transparent states with temperature variations. However, for many years, the practical applications of this substance remained unknown. It wasn't until the 1960s that an American company began using liquid crystal for display technology.
This renowned American company, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which was the inventor of color television and a dominant force in the television industry after World War II, has since disappeared.

15 地铁（英国）

世界上最早的 (也是第一条）地铁是英国伦敦的大都会地铁，建于1863年，其干线长度约6.5km，采用蒸汽机车。

The world's first and oldest subway, the London Underground, was built in 1863 in the United Kingdom. This initial line had a length of approximately 6.5 kilometers and operated using steam locomotives.

16 电梯（美国）

早在1852年，美国的E.G.奥蒂斯先生就发明了世界上第一部安全升降梯。他以“安全”开创了电梯工业，并建立了世界第一家电梯公司。从此，人类得以实现高瞻远瞩的梦想，同时，世界的高度也在不断地改变着。

In 1852, Mr. E.G. Otis of the United States invented the world's first safety elevator, revolutionizing the elevator industry and establishing the world's first elevator company. This invention allowed humans to reach new heights, both literally and metaphorically.

17 空调（美国）

1902年的7月17日，一位一周只挣10美元的美国人发明了世界上第一台空气调节器，他就是威利斯·哈维兰·卡里尔。

On July 17, 1902, a man named Willis Haviland Carrier, who earned only $10 a week, invented the world's first air conditioner in the United States.

18 燃气热水器（英国）

1868年，英国伦敦有位叫本杰明莫恩的画家发明了第一台不使用固体燃料的瞬时热水器，并命名为“间歇泉”。1895年，德国博世集团推出世界第一台快速燃气热水器。

In 1868, Benjamin Waddy Maughan, a London-based painter, invented the first instantaneous water heater that did not use solid fuel, naming it the "Geyser". In 1895, the German company Bosch introduced the world's first rapid gas water heater.

19 电风扇（美国）

第一个真正意义上的电风扇是是美国人舒乐于1880年发明的。舒乐首次将叶片直接装在电动机上，再接上电源，叶片飞速转动，阵阵凉风扑面而来，这电风扇就是世界上第一台电风扇。

The first true electric fan was invented by American Schuyler Wheeler in 1880. Wheeler directly attached the blades to an electric motor, creating the world's first electric fan that produced a refreshing breeze.

20 柴油机（德国）

鲁道夫·狄赛尔（Rudolf Diesel，1858.3.18~1913.9.30）是柴油机的发明人，被誉为柴油机之父。德语的柴油一词，就是从他的名字而来的。第一次世界大战时，他的柴油机成为各国潜艇的主要动力。如今，他发明的柴油机，在汽车、船舶等整个工业领域都得到越来越广泛的发展。

Rudolf Diesel, the inventor of the diesel engine, is hailed as the father of this technology. The German word "diesel" is derived from his name. During World War I, his diesel engine became the primary power source for submarines. Today, his invention has seen widespread use in the automotive, maritime, and other industrial sectors.

21 客车（法国）

1891年，法国人庞纳赫制造出世界上第一辆客车；次年，美国人杜里埃也造出了一辆。这种车既具有轿车的舒适性，又具有大型公共汽车的载客量大的特点，深受坐惯了四轮马车的人喜欢。

In 1891, Frenchman Panhard manufactured the world's first passenger car, followed by an American, Durie, the next year. These vehicles combined the comfort of a sedan with the high passenger capacity of a large bus, making them popular among those accustomed to horse-drawn carriages.

22 LED（美国）

LED是美国工程师尼克·何伦亚克发明的，早出现在美国。尼克·何伦亚克（Nick Holonyak Jr ，1928年11月3日—），美国工程师，发明家。因其在1962年发明了第一种可见光发光二极管（LED），从而掀起了人类自爱迪生发明电灯泡以来照明史的第二次革命。因此被称为“LED之父”。

LED was invented by American engineer Nick Holonyak Jr. and first appeared in the United States. Nick Holonyak Jr. (November 3, 1928 – ), an American engineer and inventor, is known as the "Father of LED" for his invention of the first visible light-emitting diode (LED) in 1962, which sparked the second revolution in the history of lighting since Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb.

23 无人机（英国）

1917年3月，在第一次世界大战临近结束之际，世界上第一架无人驾驶飞机在英国皇家飞行训练学校进行了第一次飞行试验。可是飞机刚起飞不久，发动机突然熄火，飞机因失速而坠毁。

1927年，由A.M.洛教授参与研制的“喉”式单翼无人机在英国海军“堡垒”号军舰上成功地进行了试飞。该机载有113公斤炸弹，以每小时322公里的速度飞行了480公里。“喉”式无人机的问世在当时的世界上曾引起极大的轰动。

In March 1917, as the end of World War I approached, the world's first unmanned aerial vehicle conducted its first flight test at the Royal Flying Corps in the United Kingdom. However, shortly after takeoff, the engine suddenly stalled and the aircraft crashed due to a stall.
In 1927, the "Queen Bee" single-wing drone developed by Professor A.M. Lowe successfully conducted a test flight on the British Navy's "Fortress" ship. The aircraft, carrying 113 kilograms of bombs, flew at a speed of 322 kilometers per hour for 480 kilometers. The introduction of the "Queen Bee" drone caused a great sensation in the world at that time.

24 工业机器人（美国）

1958年，美国麻省理工学院的工程师德沃尔遇到了发明家约瑟夫•英格伯格，两个人在机器人研究理念上一拍即合。1959年,英格伯格和德沃尔分工协作，制作出了世界上第一台类似于坦克的工业机器人。

这台工业机器人的“身体”部分为一个大型的基座,在基座的顶端有一个大机械臂，它可以绕着基座做圆周旋转。机械臂上，有一个可以任意伸缩的小机械臂，小机械臂的末端，设有一个可以做仰俯、侧摇动作的圆盘。这台机器是专门为诸如汽车等重型工业的生产而设计的，是一台实用性很强的机器人。随后，英格伯格和德沃尔成立了尤尼梅逊公司，开始了“万能自动”工业机器人的生产。英格伯格也因此被称为“工业机器人之父”。

In 1958, engineer Devol met inventor Joseph Engelberger at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the two immediately hit it off with their ideas for robot research. In 1959, Engelberger and Devol worked together to create the world's first tank-like industrial robot.
The "body" of this industrial robot is a large base, with a large mechanical arm at the top that can rotate around the base. On the mechanical arm, there is a small arm that can be extended and retracted, with a disc at the end that can perform tilting and swiveling movements. This robot was designed specifically for heavy industrial production such as automobiles and is a highly practical machine. Subsequently, Engelberger and Devol founded the Unimation company and began production of the "Versatile Automatic" industrial robot. Engelberger is also known as the "Father of Industrial Robots" for this achievement.

25 二维码（日本）

二维码 ，又称二维条码，二维条形码最早发明于日本，1994年日本 Denso Wave 发明的QR码，用于汽版车制造，主要目权的是在制作过程中保持每一个部件的行踪正确。

The QR code, also known as a two-dimensional barcode, was first invented in Japan. In 1994, Denso Wave in Japan invented the QR code for use in automobile manufacturing, with the main purpose being to ensure the correct tracking of each component during the production process.

26 显微镜（意大利）

世界上最早的显微镜诞生于1590年，是荷兰一位名叫詹森的眼镜匠在偶然机会中发现的。1665年，英国物理学家胡克自制了一架由上下两块透镜组成的复合显微镜，形成了显微镜的基本机制。胡克用这架显微镜第一次发现了细胞，“cell”一词即为他所定名，一直沿用至今。现在这架显微镜存放在英国伦敦科学博物馆。

The world's first microscope was born in 1590 and was discovered by a Dutch eyeglass maker named Jansen. In 1665, British physicist Robert Hooke made a compound microscope consisting of two lenses, forming the basic mechanism of the microscope. Hooke used this microscope to first discover cells, and the term "cell" was coined by him and has been used ever since. This microscope is now housed in the London Science Museum.

27 青蒿素（中国）

2015年10月8日，中国科学家屠呦呦获2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，成为第一个获得诺贝尔自然学奖的中国人。多年从事中药和中西药结合研究的屠呦呦，创造性地研制出抗疟新药——青蒿素和双氢青蒿素，获得对疟原虫100%的抑制率，为中医药走向世界指明一条方向。

On October 8, 2015, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, becoming the first Chinese person to win the Nobel Prize in the natural sciences. Tu Youyou, who has been engaged in the research of traditional Chinese medicine and the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for many years, creatively developed the anti-malaria drugs artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, achieving a 100% inhibition rate against the malaria parasite. This breakthrough has paved the way for traditional Chinese medicine to make its mark on the world stage.

28 杂交水稻（中国）

杂交水稻的基本思想和技术，以及首次成功的实现是由美国人Henry Beache在1963年于印度尼西亚完成的，Henry Beache也被学术界某些人称为杂交水稻之父，并由此获得1996年的世界粮食奖。由于Henry Beache的设想和方案存在着某些缺陷，无法进行大规模的推广。

袁隆平于1971年2月调到湖南省农业科学院专门从事杂交水稻研究工作。1986年提出“两系法亚种间杂种优势利用”的发展观点，经6年艰难攻关，与研究人员成功地突破了两系杂交稻关键技术并推广应用，取得了良好的增产效果。1997年提出“杂交水稻超高产育种”的技术路线，在国际上引起高度重视。1995年他当选为中国工程院院士。被称为杂交水稻之父。

中国发明的杂交水稻，除国内发展迅速外，在国外，已有越南、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和美国在大面积生产上应用，并取得了显著的增产效果。

The basic concept and technology of hybrid rice, as well as its first successful implementation, were completed by American scientist Henry Beach in Indonesia in 1963. Some in the academic community even refer to Henry Beach as the father of hybrid rice, and he was awarded the World Food Prize in 1996. However, due to certain flaws in Beach's ideas and plans, large-scale promotion was not possible.
In 1971, Yuan Longping was transferred to the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences to specifically engage in the research of hybrid rice. In 1986, he proposed the development concept of "utilizing heterosis of inter-subspecific hybridization," and after six years of arduous research, he and his team successfully broke through the key technologies of two-line hybrid rice and applied them, achieving significant increases in yield. In 1997, he proposed the technical route of "super-high-yielding breeding of hybrid rice," which garnered high international attention. In 1995, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and was hailed as the father of hybrid rice.
Chinese-invented hybrid rice, in addition to rapid development domestically, has also been widely applied in large-scale production in Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the United States, achieving significant increases in yield.

29 牛胰岛素（中国）

早在1948年，英国生物化学家桑格就选择了一种分子量小，但具有蛋白质全部结构特征的牛胰岛素作为实验的典型材料进行研究，于1952年搞清了牛胰岛素的G链和O链上所有氨基酸的排列次序以及这两个链的结合方式。次年，他宣布破译出由17种51个氨基酸组成的两条多肽链牛胰岛素的全部结构。这是人类第一次搞清一种重要蛋白质分子的全部结构。桑格也因此荣获1958年诺贝尔化学奖。

1965年9月17日，中国首次人工合成了结晶牛胰岛素，这是人类有史以来第一次人工合成有生命的蛋白质。实验的成功标志着人类在认识生命、探索生命奥秘的征途中迈出了关键性的一步，它是继从无机物中取得第一种有机物尿素之后而出现的第二次飞跃。

As early as 1948, British biochemist Frederick Sanger chose bovine insulin, a molecule with a small molecular weight but possessing all the structural characteristics of a protein, as the typical material for his research. In 1952, he elucidated the arrangement of all the amino acids on the G chain and O chain of bovine insulin, as well as the way these two chains bind. The following year, he announced the deciphering of the complete structure of bovine insulin, composed of two polypeptide chains consisting of 17 and 51 amino acids, respectively. This marked the first time that humans had clarified the complete structure of an important protein molecule, and Sanger was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958 for this achievement.
On September 17, 1965, China successfully synthesized crystalline bovine insulin for the first time, marking the first time in human history that a living protein had been artificially synthesized. This successful experiment signified a crucial step forward for humanity in understanding life and exploring its mysteries, representing the second leap forward after the first organic compound, urea, was obtained from inorganic substances.

30 互联网（美国）

互联网之父，指互联网的创始人、发明人，这一美称被先后授予多人，包括：蒂姆·伯纳斯·李（Tim Berners-Lee）、温顿·瑟夫(Vint Cerf 原名：Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf ）、罗伯特·卡恩（Robert Elliot Kahn）等， 所以“互联网之父不是一个人，而是一个群体。

种下第一颗互联网种子的是美国高级研究计划署APPA(Advanced Research Project Agency)。该组织发布了第一个互联网的鼻祖，名字叫APPANet，中文名字叫“阿帕网”。阿帕网在1969年开始正式投入运行，在1990年正式退役。这21年间，在阿帕网上，很多的研究机构，大学，纷纷做出了很多或普通，或惊艳的贡献，无数的人在上面添上自己的一砖一瓦，最后孕育出了我们现在使用的互联网。

The United States is known as the birthplace of the Internet, with several individuals being recognized as the "fathers" of the Internet, including Tim Berners-Lee, Vint Cerf, and Robert Kahn. Therefore, the title of "father of the Internet" is not attributed to a single person, but rather to a collective group of innovators.
The first seeds of the Internet were planted by the Advanced Research Project Agency (APPA) in the United States. The organization released the precursor to the Internet, called APPANet, in 1969, which was officially retired in 1990. Over the course of 21 years, numerous research institutions and universities made significant contributions on APPANet, leading to the development of the Internet as we know it today.

31 打印机（美国）

世界上第一台针式打印机是由Centronics公司推出的，可由于当时技术上的不完善，没有推广进入市场，所以几乎没有人记住它。一直到了1968年9月由日本精工株式会社推出EP-101针式打印机，这才是被人们誉为第一款商品化的针式打印机。 世界上第一台喷墨打印机出生于1984年的HP公司。60年代末Xerox公司发明第一台激光打印机 1992年联想集团与激光打印机的发明者——美国XEROX公司合作，研制第一代中文激光打印机。

The first dot matrix printer was introduced by Centronics, but due to technological limitations, it did not gain widespread popularity. It wasn't until 1968 when the EP-101 dot matrix printer was released by the Japanese company, Seiko Epson, that the first commercially successful dot matrix printer was recognized. The first inkjet printer was born in 1984 by HP, and in the late 1960s, Xerox invented the first laser printer. In 1992, Lenovo Group collaborated with Xerox to develop the first generation of Chinese laser printers.

32 自行车（法德）

8世纪末，法国人西夫拉克发明了最早的自行车。这辆最早的自行车是木制的，它的结构比较简单，既没有驱动装置，也没有转向装置，骑车人靠双脚用力蹬地前行，改变方向时也只能下车搬动车子。即使这样，当西夫拉克骑着这辆自行车到公园兜风时，在场的人也都颇为惊异和赞叹。

1818年，德国人德莱斯在法国巴黎发明了带车把的木制两轮自行车。这种自行车虽然仍旧用脚蹬才能前行，但是可以一边前行一边改变方向，它一问世便引起了人们的极大兴趣。

In the late 8th century, the Frenchman Sivrac invented the earliest form of the bicycle. This wooden bicycle had a simple structure, lacking both a driving mechanism and a steering device. Despite its limitations, Sivrac's invention garnered astonishment and admiration when he rode it in the park. In 1818, the German inventor Karl Drais created a wooden bicycle with handlebars in Paris, France. Although it still required pedaling with the feet to move forward, it allowed for changing directions while riding, sparking great interest among people.

33 核电站（前苏联）

1954年6月，前苏联在奥布宁斯克建成世界上第一座原子能发电站，这座核电站的反应堆是浓缩铀石墨水冷却堆，热功率是3万千瓦，发电功率为5000千瓦，可供6000居民的小镇用电。这座核电站的诞生，揭开了人类和平利用原子能的新纪元，具有里程碑的作用。

In June 1954, the former Soviet Union completed the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk. The reactor used in the power plant was a concentrated uranium graphite-water cooled reactor, with a thermal power of 30,000 kilowatts and a generating capacity of 5000 kilowatts, providing electricity for a small town of 6000 residents. The birth of this nuclear power plant marked a milestone in the peaceful use of atomic energy, ushering in a new era for humanity.

34 电商（美国）

电子商务最早起源于美国，1995年是因特网的电子商务诞生之日。事实上，电子商务并非是一种刚诞生的事物。早在本世纪70年代，电子数据交换(EDI)和电子资金传送(EFT)作为企业间电子商务应用的系统雏形，已经出现。多年来，大量的银行、航空公司、连锁店及制造业单位已建立了供方和客户间的电子通信和处理关系。这种方式加快了供方处理速度，有助于实现最优化管理，使得操作更有效率，并提高了对客户服务的质量。

The birth of e-commerce in the United States dates back to 1995, the day when electronic commerce on the Internet was born. In fact, e-commerce is not a newly born thing. As early as the 1970s, the embryonic form of electronic data interchange (EDI) and electronic funds transfer (EFT) as applications of e-commerce between enterprises had already appeared. Over the years, a large number of banks, airlines, chain stores, and manufacturing units have established electronic communication and processing relationships between suppliers and customers. This method accelerates the processing speed of suppliers, helps achieve optimized management, makes operations more efficient, and improves the quality of customer service.

35 代码（美国）

世界上第一个程序是1842年写的，恰好在第一个能u被称为计算机的真正机器。这段代码的作者是Ada Augusta，被封为Lovelace女伯爵，就是大家所知道的Ada Lovelace。作为世界上第一个计算机程序的作者，她被广泛地认为是有史以来第一位程序员。

The world's first program was written in 1842, coinciding with the creation of the first machine that could truly be called a computer. The author of this code was Ada Augusta, who was later known as Countess Lovelace, or more commonly, Ada Lovelace. As the author of the world's first computer program, she is widely recognized as the first programmer in history.

36 架桥机（意大利）

架桥机是专门针对搭造大吨位的混凝土箱梁而设计的一款机器，最早是被意大利的一家公司研制出来的。

The bridge girder erection machine is a machine designed specifically for building large-tonnage concrete box girders, and it was first developed by a company in Italy.

37 纳米技术（美国）

纳米技术的灵感，来自于已故物理学家理查德·费曼1959年所作的一次题为《在底部还有很大空间》的演讲。这位当时在加州理工大学任教的教授向同事们提出了一个新的想法。从石器时代开始，人类从磨尖箭头到光刻芯片的所有技术，都与一次性地削去或者融合数以亿计的原子以便把物质做成有用的形态有关。

70年代，科学家开始从不同角度提出有关纳米科技的构想，1974年，科学家谷口纪男（Norio Taniguchi）最早使用纳米技术一词描述精密机械加工；

The inspiration for nanotechnology came from a lecture entitled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" given in 1959 by the late physicist Richard Feynman. The professor, who was teaching at the California Institute of Technology at the time, proposed a new idea to his colleagues. Since the Stone Age, all human technology, from grinding arrowheads to lithographic chips, has involved the one-time removal or fusion of billions of atoms to shape matter into useful forms. In the 1970s, scientists began to propose ideas about nanotechnology from different perspectives. In 1974, scientist Norio Taniguchi was the first to use the term nanotechnology to describe precision mechanical processing.

38 洗衣机（美国）

一个叫汉密尔顿·史密斯的美国人在匹茨堡制成了世界上第一台洗衣机，同年史密斯取得了这台洗衣机的专利权。但这台洗衣机使用费力，且损伤衣服，因而没被广泛使用，但这却标志了用机器洗衣的开端。次年在德国出现了一种用捣衣杵作为搅拌器的洗衣机，当捣衣杵上下运动时，装有弹簧的木钉便连续作用于衣服。

The first washing machine was invented by an American named Hamilton Smith in Pittsburgh, and he obtained the patent for the washing machine the same year. However, this washing machine was labor-intensive and damaged clothes, so it was not widely used. Nevertheless, this marked the beginning of machine washing. The following year, a washing machine with a pounding stick as a beater appeared in Germany, and when the pounding stick moved up and down, the spring-loaded wooden nails continuously acted on the clothes.

39 冰箱（美国）

第一台用电动机带动压缩机工作的冰箱是由瑞典工程师布莱顿和孟德斯于1923年发明的。后来一家美国公司买去了他们的专利，1925年生产出第一批家用电冰箱。

The first refrigerator powered by an electric motor driving a compressor was invented by Swedish engineers Braiton and Mendes in 1923. Later, an American company bought their patent and produced the first batch of household refrigerators in 1925.

40 避孕套（英国）

现存世界上最古老的安全套诞生于1640年前后，是利用鱼鳔和动物肠子制成的，已经有300多年的历史。现代安全套诞生于17世纪的英国，用小羊的盲肠制成，主要用来防范疾病。

The oldest known condom in the world dates back to around 1640 and was made from fish bladder and animal intestines, with a history of over 300 years. Modern condoms were born in 17th century England, made from the blind gut of a small lamb, mainly used to prevent disease.

41 试管婴儿（英国）

1978年7月25日，在英国，一个名叫路易斯·布朗的婴儿诞生了。她与其他金发碧眼的小女孩没有什么区别，但是全世界的新闻媒体，都把聚焦的镜头对准了她，因为她有一个特殊的称谓:"试管婴儿"。试管婴儿的诞生，曾经引起全世界的轰动，西方媒体用这样的标题报道了这一医学成就:“人类可以是自己的上帝。”

On July 25, 1978, a baby girl named Louise Brown was born in the UK. She looked no different from any other blonde-haired, blue-eyed baby girl, but the world's media focused on her because she had a special title: "test-tube baby." The birth of the test-tube baby caused a sensation worldwide, and Western media reported this medical achievement with headlines such as "Humans Can Be Their Own Gods."

42 气垫船（英国）

气垫船最早是由柯克莱尔在1950年提出，将压缩的空气作为船体和水面之间的“气垫”，让船只能够减小水面的阻力，以更快的速度行驶的一种新型船只。关于第一艘气垫船的诞生众说纷纭，但是目前比较得到认可的是1959年柯克莱尔建造的“SRN1”是世界上第一艘气垫船。

The concept of the hovercraft was first proposed by Christopher Cockerell in 1950, using compressed air as a "cushion" between the hull and the water surface to reduce water resistance and allow the vessel to travel at faster speeds. The birth of the first hovercraft is a topic of debate, but the 1959 "SRN1" constructed by Cockerell is widely recognized as the world's first hovercraft.

43 心脏起搏器（美国）

1958年，由美国工程师Earl Bakken制造的第一台体积、质量均较小的起搏器，被成功植入人体，成为世界首例全埋藏式人工心脏起搏器。自此，起搏器在临床中的运用越来越广泛。

In 1958, the first compact and lightweight pacemaker manufactured by American engineer Earl Bakken was successfully implanted into a human body, becoming the world's first fully implantable artificial pacemaker. Since then, pacemakers have been increasingly used in clinical practice.

44 助听器（美国）

1878年，美国科学家Bell发明了第一台炭精式助听器。这种助听器是由炭精传声器、耳机、电池、电线等部件组装而成。

In 1878, American scientist Bell invented the first carbon granule hearing aid. This type of hearing aid was assembled from components such as a carbon granule transmitter, earphone, battery, and wires.

45 隐形眼镜（德国）

把镜片直接戴在眼睛的想法，早在1508年被达芬奇提出，首先描述将玻璃罐盛满水置于角膜前，以玻璃的表面替代角膜的光学功能。1887年，德国科学家Adolf Eugen Fick成功制造出第一只隐形眼镜。

The idea of directly placing lenses on the eyes was first proposed by Leonardo da Vinci in 1508. He described using a glass vial filled with water placed in front of the cornea to replace the optical function of the cornea. In 1887, German scientist Adolf Eugen Fick successfully manufactured the first contact lenses.

46 芯片（美国）

1958年9月12日，基尔比和助手谢泼德(MShepherd)给阿德考克和组里的其他同事演示了他的实验。一周后，基尔比用同样的方法成功地做出了一个触发电路。基尔比的电路告诉人们，将各种电子器件集成在一个晶片上是可行的。基尔比因为这个发明，2000年，他获得了诺贝尔奖。

On September 12, 1958, Jack Kilby and his assistant, M. Shepherd, demonstrated their experiment to Adcock and other colleagues. A week later, Kilby successfully created a trigger circuit using the same method. Kilby's circuit showed that integrating various electronic devices onto a single chip was feasible. For this invention, Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2000.

随着社会的发展，用于人类的各项发明将会越来越多，我们期待着......

With the development of society, we look forward to more and more inventions for the benefit of humanity.

门球狂人

017

                                                                        延安岁月

这张照片拍摄于1937年在延安召开的12月会议，这张照片就是参加会议的领袖们的合影。

这张照片非常有纪念意义，因为上面的有些人物后来逐渐消失在历史长河中，再想找到这么全的早期领导人的合照就没那么容易了。

照片上的人是站在延安的窑洞前拍摄合影的，当时已经是冬天，大家都穿着皱巴巴、鼓囊囊的棉衣。

比较罕见的是，毛主席并未坐在照片的C位（中央位置），坐在C位的是王明。

前排5人从左向右分别是：新四军政委项英、宣传部长凯丰、王明、陈云、刘少奇；

后排8位分别是康生、彭德怀、张闻天、张国焘、林伯渠、博古、周恩来、毛泽东。

照片上所有人都穿着十分朴素，他们身上的棉衣都有些破旧，但他们表现了自信而从容的神态。

在这里，说一下我党历史上的“二十八个半布尔什维克”。二十九个布尔什维克指的是一些1927年底时在苏联莫斯科中山大学学习的中国留学生组成的松散团体。他们由于持相近的理念得名。他们自称是共产国际最坚定的支持者和当时中国共产党瞿秋白路线的坚决反对者，一般认为二十八个半布尔什维克，是指其中的徐以新的立场摇摆不定。

二十九人名单是：王明、博古（秦邦宪）、张闻天（洛甫）、王稼祥、盛忠亮、沈泽民、陈昌浩、张琴秋、何子述、何克全（凯丰）、杨尚昆、夏曦、孟庆树（绪）、王保（宝）礼、王盛荣、王云程、朱阿根、朱自舜（子纯）、孙济民（际明）、杜作祥、宋潘（盘）民、陈原（源）道、李竹声、李元杰、汪盛荻、肖特甫、殷鉴、袁家镛、徐以（一）新。

英文翻译

The photograph was taken during the December Conference held in Yan'an in 1937, capturing a group portrait of the leaders in attendance.

This photo holds great commemorative significance, as some of the figures depicted gradually faded into the annals of history. It is not easy to find such a comprehensive early photo of the leaders again.

The individuals in the photo are standing in front of the cave dwellings in Yan'an, with winter already setting in and everyone dressed in wrinkled and bulging cotton clothes.

Interestingly, Chairman Mao is not seated in the central position of the photo, with Wang Ming taking the C-spot instead.

The front row, from left to right, consists of Xiang Ying, the political commissar of the New Fourth Army, Kai Feng, the Minister of Propaganda, Wang Ming, Chen Yun, and Liu Shaoqi.

The back row features Kang Sheng, Peng Dehuai, Zhang Wentian, Zhang Guotao, Lin Biao, Bo Gu, Zhou Enlai, and Mao Zedong.

All the individuals in the photo are dressed very simply, with their cotton clothes showing signs of wear and tear. However, they exude a confident and composed demeanor.

Here, I would like to mention the "28 and a half Bolsheviks" in the history of our party. The 29 Bolsheviks refer to a loose group of Chinese students who were studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow at the end of 1927. They were named after their similar ideological beliefs and claimed to be the most staunch supporters of the Communist International and staunch opponents of the Qu Qiubai line of the Chinese Communist Party at that time. It is generally believed that the "28 and a half Bolsheviks" refers to the wavering stance of Xu Yixin.

The list of the 29 individuals includes Wang Ming, Bo Gu (Qin Bangxian), Zhang Wentian (Luo Fu), Wang Jiaxiang, Sheng Zhongliang, Shen Zemin, Chen Changhao, Zhang Qinqiu, He Zishu, He Kequan (Kai Feng), Yang Shangkun, Xia Xi, Meng Qingshu (Xu), Wang Bao (Bao) Li, Wang Shengrong, Wang Yuncheng, Zhu Agen, Zhu Zishun (Zichun), Sun Jimin (Ji Ming), Du Zuoxiang, Song Pan (Pan) Min, Chen Yuandao, Li Zhusheng, Li Yuanjie, Wang Shengdi, Xiao Tefu, Yin Jian, Yuan Jiayong, and Xu Yixin.

打油
坐着的五个，
立着的八人，
十三人的历史照，
谁人还能认。

门球狂人

018

                                                                                                      

                           中共八大（1956年）

如上照片，拍摄于1956年。

拍摄地是中国共产党第八次全国代表大会会场，照片是此次大会主席团成员，从左至右依次是：林彪、康生、张闻天、董必武、彭真、刘少奇、毛泽东、周恩来、陈云、朱德、林伯渠、彭德怀、邓小平，计13人。

1956年9月15日至27日，中国共产党第八次全国代表大会在北京全国政协礼堂举行。这是中国共产党在全国范围执政后召开的第一次全国代表大会。在这次大会上，毛泽东致了《开幕词》，刘少奇作了《中国共产党中央委员会向第八次全国代表大会的政治报告》，邓小平作了《关于修改党的章程的报告》，周恩来作了《关于发展国民经济第二个五年计划的建议的报告》。会上，朱德、陈云、董必武等作了重要发言。

八大中央委员会委员97名（按得票多少排列、得票相同的按姓氏笔划排列）：

毛泽东、刘少奇、林伯渠、邓小平、朱德、周恩来、董必武、陈云、林彪、吴玉章、陈伯达、蔡畅、李富春、罗荣桓、徐特立、陆定一、罗瑞卿、徐向前、邓颖超、刘伯承、陈毅、彭德怀、廖承志、李先念、陈赓、聂荣臻、林枫、张鼎丞、彭真、乌兰夫、黄克诚、滕代远、肖劲光、谭政、柯庆施、粟裕、贺龙、王首道、王维舟、邓子恢、李克农、杨尚昆、叶剑英、宋任穷、张云逸、刘晓、李维汉、王稼祥、康生、叶季壮、刘澜涛、刘宁一、薄一波、胡乔木、杨秀峰、舒同、赖若愚、张际春、程子华、陈郁、刘长胜、伍修权、肖克、钱瑛、王从吾、邓华、马明方、张闻天、谭震林、刘亚楼、李雪峰、陈少敏、李葆华、许光达、王震、曾山、林铁、郑位三、徐海东、肖华、胡耀邦、赵尔陆、欧阳钦、习仲勋、刘格平、谢富治、安子文、贾拓夫、李立三、黄敬、李井泉、吴芝圃、吕正操、王树声、陶铸、曾希圣、陈绍禹。

中国共产党第八届中央委员会举行第一次全体会议，产生了新的中央领导机构。

中央政治局委员：毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、朱德、陈云、邓小平、林彪、林伯渠、董必武、彭真、罗荣桓、陈毅、李富春、彭德怀、刘伯承、贺龙、李先念；

候补委员：乌兰夫、张闻天、陆定一、陈伯达、康生、薄一波。

中央政治局常务委员会委员：毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、朱德、陈云、邓小平。

中央委员会主席：毛泽东；

副主席：刘少奇、周恩来、朱德、陈云；

中央委员会总书记：邓小平。

英文翻译
The photo above was taken in 1956 at the venue of the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The members of the presidium in the photo, from left to right, are Lin Biao, Kang Sheng, Zhang Wentian, Dong Biwu, Peng Zhen, Liu Shaoqi, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, Zhu De, Lin Boqu, Peng Dehuai, and Deng Xiaoping, totaling 13 people.

From September 15th to 27th, 1956, the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. This was the first national congress held by the Communist Party of China after it came to power nationwide. Mao Zedong delivered the opening speech, Liu Shaoqi delivered the political report of the Central Committee to the 8th National Congress, Deng Xiaoping delivered a report on the modification of the Party's constitution, and Zhou Enlai delivered a proposal on the development of the second five-year plan for the national economy. During the congress, important speeches were also made by Zhu De, Chen Yun, and Dong Biwu.

The 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China consisted of 97 members (arranged by number of votes, and by stroke count for those with the same number of votes): Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Boqu, Deng Xiaoping, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Chen Yun, Lin Biao, Wu Yuzhang, Chen Boda, Cai Chang, Li Fuchun, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Teli, Lu Dingyi, Luo Ruiqing, Xu Xiangqian, Deng Yingchao, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Peng Dehuai, Liao Chengzhi, Li Xiannian, Chen Geng, Nie Rongzhen, Lin Feng, Zhang Dingcheng, Peng Zhen, Ulanhu, Huang Kecheng, Teng Daiyuan, Xiao Jingguang, Tan Zheng, Ke Qingshi, Su Yu, He Long, Wang Shoudao, Wang Weizhou, Deng Zihui, Li Kenong, Yang Shangkun, Ye Jianying, Song Renqiong, Zhang Yunyi, Liu Xiao, Li Weihan, Wang Jiaxiang, Kang Sheng, Ye Jizhuang, Liu Lantao, Liu Ningyi, Bo Yibo, Hu Qiaomu, Yang Xiufeng, Shu Tong, Lai Ruoyu, Zhang Jichun, Cheng Zihua, Chen Yu, Liu Changsheng, Wu Xiuquan, Xiao Ke, Qian Ying, Wang Congwu, Deng Hua, Ma Mingfang, Zhang Wentian, Tan Zhenlin, Liu Yalou, Li Xuefeng, Chen Shaomin, Li Baohua, Xu Guangda, Wang Zhen, Zeng Shan, Lin Tie, Zheng Weisan, Xu Haidong, Xiao Hua, Hu Yaobang, Zhao Erlu, Ouyang Qin, Xi Zhongxun, Liu Geping, Xie Fuzhi, An Ziwen, Jia Tuofu, Li Lisan, Huang Jing, Li Jingquan, Wu Zhipu, Lv Zhengcao, Wang Shusheng, Tao Zhu, Zeng Xisheng, Chen Shaoyu.

The 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its first plenary session, electing a new central leadership.

Members of the Politburo: Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping, Lin Biao, Lin Boqu, Dong Biwu, Peng Zhen, Luo Ronghuan, Chen Yi, Li Fuchun, Peng Dehuai, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Li Xiannian; Alternate members: Ulanhu, Zhang Wentian, Lu Dingyi, Chen Boda, Kang Sheng, Bo Yibo.

Members of the Standing Committee of the Politburo: Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping.

Chairman of the Central Committee: Mao Zedong;
Vice Chairmen: Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun;
General Secretary of the Central Committee: Deng Xiaoping.


打油
八大十三人，
携手齐奋进，
毛刘周朱陈林邓，
十年好机会。

门球狂人

019



                                                                 党和国家领导人与十大元帅

油画《八一颂》 作者：刘宇一，刘浩眉，2003年作。长9米，宽3米，现保存于中央军委八一大楼。

这张珍贵的油画，从左至右是：罗荣桓、聂荣臻、徐向前、陈毅、贺龙、叶剑英、彭德怀、刘伯承、周恩来、朱德、毛泽东、陈云、刘少奇、邓小平、林彪，计15人。“十大元帅”授勋后，时任中国共产党和国家领导职务的毛刘周朱陈林邓与元帅们在中南海紫光阁畅谈，画作将开国领袖和元勋们的形象艺术地升华于中华史册。

画面分为两个部分，右侧为时任中国共产党领导核心的毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、朱徳、陈云、林彪、邓小平；左侧为彭德怀、刘伯承、贺龙、陈毅、罗荣桓、徐向前、聂荣臻、叶剑英等元帅。

中共“五大书记”是在1945年6月19日召开的中共七届一中全会上，选举的毛泽东、朱德、刘少奇、周恩来、任弼时5位中央书记处书记，史称“五大书记”。七届二中全会后，党中央形成“毛刘周朱任”的格局。“文革”前，在中共中央领导层，继“五大书记”后一度形成了“毛（泽东）刘（少奇）周（恩来）朱（德）陈（云）林（彪）邓（小平）”的领导集体格局，这个格局是对中共历史上五大书记格局的演进和发展，影响也是十分深远的。他们是新中国的第一代领导核心，为社会主义革命和建设作出了重大的贡献，同时在以后的社会主义改革岁月中也发挥着巨大的作用。

1955年9月27日，中华人民共和国全国人大常委会第二十二次会议通过了授予中华人民共和国元帅军衔的决议。1955年9月27日下午5时，在北京中南海怀仁堂隆重举行授元帅军衔及授予勋章典礼，毛泽东主席颁发命令状，授予朱德、彭德怀、林彪、刘伯承、贺龙、陈毅、罗荣桓、徐向前、聂荣臻、叶剑英10人中华人民共和国元帅军衔，并授予一级八一勋章、一级独立自由勋章、一级解放勋章，中国人民解放军历史上著名的“十大元帅”由此确立。

油画画面中的15人现均已逝世，他们的功绩永存。

赏析油画《八一颂》，追忆逝去的历史，在当今具有现实意义和历史意义。

英文翻译

The precious oil painting "Ode to August 1st" by Liu Yuyi and Liu Haomei, created in 2003, measures 9 meters in length and 3 meters in width, and is currently preserved in the August 1st Building of the Central Military Commission.

From left to right, the painting depicts the fifteen figures of the "Ten Marshals": Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, Xu Xiangqian, Chen Yi, He Long, Ye Jianying, Peng Dehuai, Liu Bocheng, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Mao Zedong, Chen Yun, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping, and Lin Biao. After being awarded the title of "Ten Marshals," Mao, Liu, Zhou, Zhu, Chen, Lin, and Deng, who held leadership positions in the Chinese Communist Party and the country at the time, engaged in discussions with the marshals at the Ziguang Pavilion of Zhongnanhai. The painting artistically elevates the images of the founding leaders and heroes in the annals of Chinese history.

The painting is divided into two parts: on the right, the core leadership of the Chinese Communist Party at the time, including Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Lin Biao, and Deng Xiaoping; on the left, the marshals such as Peng Dehuai, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, and Ye Jianying.

The "Five Secretaries" of the CPC were elected at the Seventh Plenary Session of the First Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on June 19, 1945. They were Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi. After the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, the Party Central Committee formed the leadership structure of "Mao, Liu, Zhou, Zhu, Ren." Before the "Cultural Revolution," the leadership collective of the CPC Central Committee briefly formed the "Mao (Zedong), Liu (Shaoqi), Zhou (Enlai), Zhu (De), Chen (Yun), Lin (Biao), Deng (Xiaoping)" structure. This structure was an evolution and development of the historical structure of the Five Secretaries of the Chinese Communist Party, and its influence was profound. They were the first generation of core leaders of New China and made significant contributions to the socialist revolution and construction. They also played a huge role in the subsequent years of socialist reform.

On September 27, 1955, the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China passed a resolution to confer the title of Marshal of the People's Republic of China. At 5 p.m. on September 27, 1955, a grand ceremony was held at the Huiren Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, to confer the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China and award medals. Chairman Mao Zedong issued the order to confer the ranks of Marshal of the People's Republic of China to ten individuals, including Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, and Ye Jianying, and to award them with the First Class August 1st Medal, the First Class Independence and Freedom Medal, and the First Class Liberation Medal, thus establishing the famous "Ten Marshals" in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

All fifteen figures depicted in the oil painting have since passed away, but their achievements will always be remembered.

Appreciating the oil painting "Ode to August 1st" allows us to reminisce about the bygone history, which holds both contemporary and historical significance in today's context.

打油
革命成功后，
功勋十五人。
七大常委十元帅，
俱是星宿位。

门球狂人

020





                                                             人民英雄纪念碑

碑文，顾名思义，各种碑上写的文字都叫碑文。我国制碑的俗习历史悠久，早在春秋战国时期就有碑的出现，后来有人刻上相应的文字，就逐渐形成各种碑文。碑和碑文的种类我国从汉朝以后，刻碑的风气逐渐普及，几乎处处可碑，事事可碑。前人实行，后人效法，中国的名胜古迹，竟形成独特的“碑石林立”的民族特色。因此，碑文竟成了使用范围极广的实用文体。

在当今之中国北京天安门广场，矗立着人民英雄纪念碑，纪念碑位于北京天安门广场中心，在天安门南约463米，正阳门北约440米的南北中轴线上，是中华人民共和国政府为纪念中国近现代史上的革命烈士而修建的纪念碑。

1949年9月30日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议决定，为了纪念在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄，在首都北京建立人民英雄纪念碑。1949年9月30日奠基，1952年8月1日开工，1958年4月22日建成，1958年5月1日揭幕，1961年被中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。

人民英雄纪念碑通高37.94米，正面（北面）碑心是一整块花岗岩，长14.7米、宽2.9米、厚1米、重60.23吨，镌刻着毛泽东同志1955年6月9日所题写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个金箔大字。背面碑心由7块石材构成，内容为毛泽东起草、周恩来书写的150字小楷字体碑文。

最初拟定碑文时，曾有人提议，要立“中国共产党英烈”之碑文。从严格意义上来说，这种提议也并没有太大的错，正是因为有了中国共产党，才有了新中国的成立。但是，毛主席最终进行了否定。在毛主席看来，革命的胜利，中国共产党所做的工作和起到的作用，仅仅是冰山一角，更多的，是那些在革命战争中抛头颅洒热血的中华民族英雄们。毛主席做出了批示，既然是人民英雄纪念碑，那就要重点突出人民英雄，不允许提及中国共产党。而这个批示，足以彰显了毛主席博大的胸怀和格局。正是在这种想法的促使下，毛主席起草了人民英雄纪念碑的碑文，碑文的150个字，毛主席将其分为了三段，每一段的背后的意思，至今读起来都意义深远。

第一段的碑文，为“三年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄永垂不朽”。这个三年，对应的是1946年至1949年的解放战争。简单一行字，毛主席不仅肯定了在解放战争里，以及人民革命中牺牲的各方人士，认可了他们是人民英雄的身份，同时也对他们的牺牲表达的崇高的敬意。不把功劳据为己有，而是把为解放而牺牲的各方人士，足以体现毛主席过人的胸襟。

碑文的第二段，为“三十年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄永垂不朽”。这个三十年，对应的是1919年至1949年，我们都知道，在1919年，“五四”运动爆发，标志着新民主主义革命斗争的开始。之后，中国经历了历时三十年的革命斗争，来自全国各界的无数爱国人士，为了革命的胜利付出了生命的代价。这其中，并不仅仅是有共产党人，也有非共产党的爱国志士。而他们有一个共同的名字，那就是中国人，他们也有一个共同的目标，那就是革命胜利，这些人，不管他们来自哪里，都无愧于英雄二字。正是因为如此，毛主席再一次肯定了这些英雄的牺牲和付出。

碑文的第三段，为“由此上溯到一千八百四十年，从那时起，为了反对内外敌人，争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽！”这里所说的一千八百四十年，指的是公元1840年，而熟悉历史的人都知道，在这一年，鸦片战争爆发，西方列强强行叩开了中国的大门。而为了反抗当时清政府的腐朽统治，以及抵御外敌入侵，爱国志士进行了不屈的斗争，为之付出生命的大有人在。因此，毛主席把1840年作为了时间节点，对自1840年起至1949年新中国成立，那些为了“争取民族独立”，以及为了“人民自由幸福”，而做出斗争并牺牲的人再一次进行了肯定。

三段碑文，的的确确没有提及中国共产党，但是，却字字体现了我党的伟大使命感，以及毛主席的博大胸怀。

再读碑文，我们就会被毛主席在细节上的周全考虑而折服，他老人家带领我党披荆斩棘，最终取得了革命的胜利，建立了新中国，但是他不愿意提及本就属于自己的功劳，而是把肯定和赞美，都留给了那些爱国志士和人民英雄们。

同时，从碑文中我们也能看出，毛主席将1840年、1919年以及1946年这三个时间节点，与争取民族独立与人民自由的一切奋斗都联系到了一起，用短短150个字，生动的表现了近一百年来，中国人民波澜壮阔的革命历程。

碑文不着眼于区区数年、数十年，而是放眼至百年变迁，共产党之大格局，可见一斑。

人民英雄纪念碑，是新中国成立后首个国家级公共艺术工程，也是中国历史上最大的纪念碑，会聚了一大批当时中国最优秀的文史专家、建筑家、艺术家。从1949年9月30日毛主席亲自奠基，毛主席的题字，原写在信纸上，经过放大20倍，再把放大的字往石碑上刻。直至1958年5月1日正式落成，是新中国成立以来耗时最长的大型艺术项目。

人民英雄纪念碑的建设不仅聚集了当时的能工巧匠，其碑石石料的采集场面也颇为宏大。纪念碑由17000块花岗石和汉白玉砌成，其中采自青岛浮山的纪念碑碑心石是建碑中最主要的大石料，是中国建筑史上极为罕见的完整花岗石，其石坯长14.4米，宽2.72米，厚3米，重达320吨以上，采运工作历时7个半月，于1953年4月1日动工至10月16日大石料运抵天安门广场工地，从开采到运输共计7116名工人参与其中。

1961年3月4日由中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，位列革命遗址及革命纪念建筑物项，序号为33号。

时逢农历十月初一，在这个怀念、祭奠祖先的日子，人们以多种方式缅怀祖先，表达孝思。在古代，农历十月初一的寒衣节是非常重要的节日，强调的是人们对于时间流转的感受，寒衣节所传达的是中国传统文化的“孝”，在当代，人们可以通过更为文明的方式，传承传统文化。

追忆当年新中国建国之初这段历史，尤对当年毛主席、周总理合作留下的墨宝以及碑文的深刻含义有新的理解，对于今天活着的人们很有教育和启迪意义。

英文翻译
The inscription on the monument, as the name suggests, refers to the various texts written on the monument. The custom of making monuments in our country has a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were monuments, and later people carved corresponding texts on them, gradually forming various inscriptions. Since the Han Dynasty, the custom of engraving monuments has gradually become popular in China, and monuments are almost everywhere. The practice of the predecessors and the emulation of the later generations have formed a unique national characteristic of "numerous monuments and inscriptions". Therefore, inscriptions have become a widely used practical literary form.

In today's China, the Monument to the People's Heroes stands in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The monument is located in the center of Tiananmen Square, about 463 meters south of Tiananmen and about 440 meters north of Zhengyangmen, on the north-south axis. It was built by the government of the People's Republic of China to commemorate the revolutionary martyrs in modern Chinese history.

On September 30, 1949, the first session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference decided to establish the Monument to the People's Heroes in the capital Beijing to commemorate the people's heroes who sacrificed in the people's liberation war and revolution. The foundation was laid on September 30, 1949, construction began on August 1, 1952, it was completed on April 22, 1958, unveiled on May 1, 1958, and declared one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in 1961.

The Monument to the People's Heroes is 37.94 meters tall. The front (north side) of the monument is made of a whole piece of granite, 14.7 meters long, 2.9 meters wide, 1 meter thick, and weighs 60.23 tons, engraved with the eight golden characters "The People's Heroes are Immortal" written by Comrade Mao Zedong on June 9, 1955. The back of the monument is composed of 7 pieces of stone, with a 150-character inscription in small regular script drafted by Mao Zedong and written by Zhou Enlai.

When the inscription was initially proposed, some people suggested that the inscription should be "The Heroes of the Communist Party of China". Strictly speaking, this proposal was not entirely wrong, because it was the Communist Party of China that led to the establishment of the new China. However, Chairman Mao ultimately rejected it. In Chairman Mao's view, the victory of the revolution and the work and role of the Communist Party of China were just the tip of the iceberg, and more importantly, it was the heroes of the Chinese nation who sacrificed their lives in the revolutionary war. Chairman Mao made a directive that since it is a monument to the people's heroes, the emphasis should be on the people's heroes, and the mention of the Communist Party of China is not allowed. This directive is enough to demonstrate Chairman Mao's broad-mindedness and vision. It was under this idea that Chairman Mao drafted the inscription for the Monument to the People's Heroes, and the 150 words of the inscription were divided into three paragraphs, each with profound meaning to this day.

Over the past three years, the people's heroes who sacrificed in the people's liberation war and revolution will be immortalized. This period corresponds to the Liberation War from 1946 to 1949. In just one line, Chairman Mao not only affirmed the various people who sacrificed in the Liberation War and the people's revolution, recognized their identity as people's heroes, but also expressed profound respect for their sacrifices. He did not take credit for himself, but rather demonstrated his extraordinary magnanimity by acknowledging the sacrifices made by various individuals for liberation.

Over the past thirty years, the people's heroes who sacrificed in the people's liberation war and revolution will be immortalized. This thirty-year period corresponds to the years from 1919 to 1949. As we all know, in 1919, the May Fourth Movement marked the beginning of the new democratic revolution. China then experienced thirty years of revolutionary struggle, during which countless patriots from all walks of life paid the ultimate price for the victory of the revolution. Among them were not only members of the Communist Party, but also non-Communist patriots. They all shared a common name, that is, the Chinese people, and a common goal, which is the victory of the revolution. Regardless of their origins, these people are truly worthy of the title "heroes." It is for this reason that Chairman Mao once again affirmed the sacrifices and contributions of these heroes.

Tracing back to 1840, for the past one hundred and eighty years, the people's heroes who sacrificed in various struggles for national independence and the happiness of the people will be immortalized! The year 1840 marks the beginning of the Opium War, when Western powers forcefully opened China's doors. In order to resist the corrupt rule of the Qing government at the time and defend against foreign invasion, patriots engaged in relentless struggles, with many sacrificing their lives. Therefore, Chairman Mao used 1840 as a time marker to affirm those who fought and sacrificed from 1840 to the establishment of New China in 1949, in order to "struggle for national independence" and "the happiness of the people."

The three paragraphs of the inscription do not explicitly mention the Communist Party of China, but they vividly reflect the great sense of mission of our party and the broad-mindedness of Chairman Mao.

Upon reading the inscription again, we are impressed by Chairman Mao's meticulous consideration in the details. He led our party through thorny paths and ultimately achieved the victory of the revolution and the establishment of New China. However, he is unwilling to take credit that rightfully belongs to him and instead leaves the affirmation and praise to the patriots and heroes.

At the same time, from the inscription, we can also see that Chairman Mao has linked the years 1840, 1919, and 1946 to all the struggles for national independence and the freedom of the people, vividly portraying the magnificent revolutionary journey of the Chinese people over the past century.

The inscription does not focus on just a few years or decades, but looks at the changes of a century, revealing the grand vision of the Communist Party.

The Monument to the People's Heroes is the first national-level public art project established after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is also the largest monument in Chinese history, bringing together a large number of the country's most outstanding experts in literature, history, architecture, and art at the time. Chairman Mao personally laid the foundation on September 30, 1949, and his inscription was originally written on letter paper, then enlarged 20 times before being carved onto the stone monument. It was not until May 1, 1958, that the monument was officially completed, making it the longest large-scale art project since the founding of the new China.

The construction of the Monument to the People's Heroes not only brought together skilled craftsmen of the time, but also involved a grand scene in the collection of stone materials. The monument is made up of 17,000 pieces of granite and white marble, with the cornerstone from Fushan in Qingdao being the most important large stone material in the construction of the monument. It is an extremely rare complete granite in Chinese architectural history, with a block measuring 14.4 meters in length, 2.72 meters in width, 3 meters in thickness, and weighing over 320 tons. The mining and transportation process involved 7 and a half months of work, with a total of 7,116 workers participating from the mining to the transportation, until the large stone material arrived at Tiananmen Square on October 16, 1953.

On March 4, 1961, it was announced by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, listed as revolutionary sites and revolutionary memorial buildings, with the serial number being 33.

On the first day of the lunar calendar in October, people commemorate and pay respects to their ancestors in various ways, expressing filial piety. In ancient times, the Cold Clothing Festival on the first day of October in the lunar calendar was a very important festival, emphasizing people's feelings about the passage of time. The festival conveyed the traditional Chinese culture of "filial piety". In modern times, people can inherit traditional culture through more civilized ways.

Recalling the history of the early days of the founding of the new China, there is a new understanding of the profound meaning of the calligraphy and inscriptions left by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, which has educational and enlightening significance for people today.

打油
毛主席题写碑文，
百五字言简意深，
总理撰写功底厚，
人民英雄纪念碑。

门球狂人

021



七届二中全会

1949年3月5日—13日在河北省平山县西柏坡举行了中国共产党七届二中全会。在会议的第一天，毛主席进入会场后，发现挂着他和朱德同志的画像后对工作人员说：“不要挂我们的画像，这样不好，请挂上马恩列斯的照片。”于是，在第二天，工作人员紧急换上了马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林四位国际伟人的画像。

然而，与会代表们纷纷提出异议。他们认为仅仅挂国际伟人的照片并不合适，毕竟这是我党自己的重要会议。大家各抒己见，争论良久。最终协调方案出台：将毛主席和朱德同志的画像放在四位国际伟人两边，并进行重新摆放。

在第二天再次来到会场时，毛主席看到这些改动后又有所不满，他再次强调：“只需要挂马恩列斯的画像就好了，不需要再挂我们的。”。

正是在此次会议期间，毛主席针对会场的挂像事件以及思考中遇到的问题，郑重地向大会提出加强作风建设的“四不两少”建议。

这个会场图片替换以及“四不两少”的故事背后蕴含着深刻哲理。在历史变革时刻，毛主席始终将党和国家利益置于首位，并坚持马克思列宁主义等科学社会主义原则。

毛主席能够直接表达自己的心声，不讳言自身重要性，却更加凸显他高瞻远瞩的领导才能。正是以这种坦诚而异于常人的态度，我们党保持了永不言败和与时俱进的精神。

今天回顾这段历史，我们应该铭记那段峥嵘岁月中伟人们的生活场景。同时我们也应提醒自己，在世界观价值观日趋多元化和年轻一代消费观念愈发细腻复杂之际，“四不两少”仍然指导着我们。

毛主席说过“我们进城后还要建立新中国政府，很多人要在政府里当官。不管当多么大的官，做什么样的工作，都是为人民服务，都是革命工作，都需要努力奋斗。”

毛主席深刻的艰苦奋斗优良传统的教育、全心全意为人民服务宗旨的教育，是我党和政府永葆生机的法宝，是中华民族越来越繁荣昌盛的强大动力。

不忘初心、砥砺前行，向伟大领袖毛主席谦虚、谨慎、求是、客观的精神和作风致敬。

1、不做寿：

2、不送礼：

3、少敬酒：

4、少拍掌：

5、不以人名作地名：

6、不要把中国同志同马恩列斯平列。

从“四不两少”的规定中可以看出，毛主席强调不要将马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林与中国同志平列，以免我们自大自满，以为拥有了一切。他认为，马克思列宁主义是我们的指导思想，我们是马克思列宁主义的学生，而不是同他们并列的主义者。

读史，要悟出其中的道理。七十多年前的会议挂像事件，在向我们诉说着历史，阐述着道理。

此次会议后，中共高层领导原五大书记调整为“毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、朱德、任弼时”集体领导格局，中国革命进入了一个新的时代。

此次会议后，3月23日，毛主席党中央从河北西柏坡乘汽车赴北京。24日晚夜宿涿县，25日凌晨从涿县乘坐火车进入北京。

英文翻译

    The 7th Plenary Session of the 2nd Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Xibaipo, Pingshan County, Hebei Province from March 5th to 13th, 1949. On the first day of the meeting, Chairman Mao entered the venue and noticed the portraits of himself and Comrade Zhu De hanging on the wall. He immediately instructed the staff, "Do not hang our portraits, this is not appropriate. Please replace them with the photos of Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin." The next day, the staff urgently replaced the portraits with those of the four international leaders.

However, many delegates at the meeting raised objections, believing that it was not appropriate to only display the portraits of international leaders, as this was an important meeting of the Party. After much discussion and debate, a compromise was reached: the portraits of Chairman Mao and Comrade Zhu De would be placed on either side of the four international leaders, andUpon returning to the venue the next day, Chairman Mao expressed dissatisfaction with the changes, once again emphasizing, "It is only necessary to hang the portraits of Marx, Engels, and Lenin and Stalin, there is no need to hang ours again."

During this meeting, Chairman Mao solemnly proposed the "Four No's and Two Less" suggestions to strengthen the Party's work style, in response to the portrait replacement and other issues he encountered during the meeting.

The story behind the portrait replacement and the "Four No's and Two Less" carries profound philosophical implications. During times of historical change, Chairman Mao always prioritized the interests of the Party and the country, and adhered to the principles of scientific socialism such as Marxism-Leninism.

Chairman Mao's ability to express his true feelings, while downplaying his own importance, further highlighted his visionary leadership. It is with this candid and exceptional attitude that our Party has maintained the spirit of never giving up and advancing with the times.

Looking back on this history, we should remember the scenes of the great leaders during that tumultuous period. At the same time, we should remind ourselves that in the increasingly diverse worldviews and values, and the increasingly intricate and complex consumer attitudes of the younger generation, the "Four No's and Two Less" still guides us.

Chairman Mao once said, "After we enter the city, we still need to establish the new government of China, and many people will hold official positions in the government. No matter how big the official position is, or what kind of work is done, it is all for serving the people, it is all revolutionary work, and it requires hard work and struggle."

The profound education of Chairman Mao's hard work and struggle, and the dedication to serving the people, are the treasures that keep our Party and government vibrant, and the powerful force for the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

Never forget our original intentions, forge ahead, and pay tribute to the modest, cautious, truthful, and objective spirit and style of the great leader Chairman Mao.

1. No birthday celebrations.
2. No gift giving.
3. Less toasting.
4. Less applause.
5. Do not use people's names as place names.
6. Do not place Chinese comrades on the same level as Marx, Engels, and Lenin.

From the regulations of the "Four No's and Two Less", it can be seen that Chairman Mao emphasized not to place Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin on the same level as Chinese comrades, in order to prevent us from becoming arrogant and complacent, thinking that we have everything. He believed that Marxism-Leninism is our guiding ideology, and we are students of Marxism-Leninism, not ideologists on the same level as them.

When reading history, we should comprehend the underlying principles. The portrait replacement incident at the meeting over 70 years ago tells us about history and elucidates the truth.

    After this meeting, the top leadership of the Communist Party of China was reorganized to include "Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Ren Bishi" as the collective leadership, marking a new era for the Chinese revolution. Following the meeting, on March 23rd, Chairman Mao and the Central Committee of the Party traveled from Xibaipo, Hebei to Beijing by car. They stayed overnight in Zhuo County on the 24th and entered Beijing by train in the early hours of the 25th.

打油
中国革命转折，
七届二中全会，
五大书记进京日，
中国迎新辞岁。

门球狂人

022

照片中有两个人，一位是毛主席，一位是陈叔通。是毛主席在罗瑞卿陪同下参观在北京故宫举办的“基本建设出土文物展览”时拍照的，时间是1954年5月17日下午4点。

背景是：新中国成立后建立了中科院考古所，在河南省辉县进行了主动性发掘。当时全国范围内的基础建设陆续上马，不断地有古代文物被发掘出来，因此考古所在文物局的领导和要求下，相继在长沙、郑州、西安、唐山等地进行了配合发掘。1954年4月，文化部决定在位于午门的历史博物馆举办“全国基本建设工程中出土文物展览会”，从全国范围内在基本建设工程中发现的131713件文物精挑细选出了3760件最具代表性的精品文物，向公众公开展览陈列，陈列的地方就在午门城楼正殿。毛主席对历史和考古工作很感兴趣，因此他听说展览会已经布置完成之后，就非常热心地在5月17日提前踏访。走访后，毛主席意犹未尽，又在5月20日来到故宫，继续参观。他对陪同人员说：“这就是历史。你们应当学点历史，要懂得历史，知道中国的昨天和前天。”参观中，毛主席和陈叔通留下了如上合影照片。

陈叔通，1876年生，浙江杭州人，他是近代中国著名的政治活动家，也是在国内享有较高威望的爱国民主人士。他是光绪二十九年（1903年）的进士，放榜后授予翰林院编修，后来东渡日本攻读政治法律，回国后深感满清政府之腐败无能，遂愤然加入了光复会从事反清活动。辛亥革命之后，陈叔通一开始热心从政，担任过“中华民国”第一届国会众议会议员，先后任浙江都督府秘书长，大总统府秘书，国务院秘书长。后退居杭州，担任浙江光业银行董事兼任总经理办公室主任。陈叔通早年曾经担任过杭州求是书院（浙江大学的前身）的副监院（即副校长），这所学校人才辈出，其中有两名学生是蒋方震（字百里）、钱家治（字均夫）很是出名。

这两人和陈叔通一样，都是以字行于世，蒋百里后来成为大名鼎鼎的民国“三个半军事家”之一，被授予陆军上将军衔，而钱均夫则担任过浙江省教育厅厅长，是一位文史学家。蒋百里有个女儿名叫蒋英，钱均夫有个儿子名叫钱学森，他们两个后来结为夫妻。

钱学森和蒋英因父辈是陈叔通先生的学生的缘故，对陈叔通以“太老师”相称，二人年轻时也曾经在求是书院的校园里玩耍，对“太老师”执礼甚恭。

1949年9月，73岁的陈叔通被选为第一届全国政治协商会议副主席，成为新中国的高级领导人，毛主席对他也十分尊敬，称之以“叔老”而不名。

陈叔通是前清翰林，旧学的学问是很高的，所以毛主席特地邀请他一起来故宫看展，陈老来到展厅，与毛主席一起仔细查看周口店发掘出来的北京猿人的牙齿、工具等珍贵文物，抚今追昔不胜感慨。他们这次在午门的展厅内外走了2个多小时，然后又绕着午门城楼走了一圈，在西北角楼处，工作人员为毛主席和陈叔通照了相。

重点来了：因为此行中陈叔通见毛主席手里拄着一根竹子做的手杖，便好奇地向毛主席要了过来，捧在手里仔细端详，发现就是再普通不过的竹子，不由得大为感慨。他没想到毛主席身为一个国家的最高领导人，日常用度竟和普通的老百姓没有什么区别，陈叔通见过光绪皇帝、慈禧太后，也见过袁世凯、孙中山、蒋介石，但毛主席的做派和他们都大不相同。他也更加确信了，毛主席和他所代表的中国共产党才是真心实意为国家富强，民族振兴服务的队伍。就在二人交谈期间，工作人员不失时机地按下快门，抓拍了这张照片。

还有话呐：二人合影之后，毛主席从西边城墙上看到近处防空部队的高炮阵地，说了一句：“高射炮设在这里不好，敌机飞到这里再打就晚了。”这话，很重要。被有关部门采纳了。

毛主席和陈叔通的这张合影被刊发在了当月的《人民画报》上，而当时《人民画报》不仅在中国国内发行，而且还会发行到一些外国去。在这个海外发行范围中就包括了美国，而美国国内的新闻审查机构当时也没有对《人民画报》予以查禁。就这样，这么一本刊登毛主席和陈叔通合影的《人民画报》漂洋过海来到了大洋彼岸的美国洛杉矶，随后鬼使神差地被放在装蔬菜的篮子里，被送到了钱学森家。至于是谁给钱学森家“送外卖”时把中国国内发行的报刊给他送去，这需要对此感兴趣的人去挖掘了。其实，这时距离拍下这张照片已经过去了一年之久，而钱学森因为掌握着美国导弹的最核心机密，在申请回国而遭到美国政府的迫害，自1952年开始就被长期软禁，并始终被FBI的人监视。

钱学森的夫人蒋英在收拾送来的蔬菜时意外地发现了去年某期《人民画报》上赫然登着毛、陈二人的合影。夫妇二人所熟悉的“太老师”能够在午门城楼上和毛主席一起合影，其在新中国的地位不问可知。蒋英、钱学森二人对着照片端详了良久，一个大胆的想法突然浮出脑海。经过精心策划，钱学森写了一封致陈叔通的求救信，先是寄到了比利时的妹妹蒋英妹妹蒋华那里，然后又经蒋华之手转到了陈叔通手里。

信的原文如下，写得很工整，能够看懂，就不展开了。

叔通太老师先生：

自1947年9月拜别后未通信，然自报章期刊上见到老先生为人民服务及努力的精神，使我们感动佩服！

学森数年前认识错误，以致被美政府拘留，今已五年，无一日、一时、一刻不思归国参加伟大的建设高潮。然而，世界情势上有更重要、更迫急的问题等待解决，学森等人的处境是不能用来诉苦的。

学森这几年中，唯以在可能范围内努力思考学问，以备他日归国之用。

但是，现在报纸上说中美交换被拘留人之可能，而美方又说谎，谓中国学生愿意回国者皆已放回，我们不免焦急。我政府千万不可信他们的话，除去学森外，尚有多少同胞，欲归不得者。从学森所知者，即有郭永怀一家，其他尚不知道确实姓名。这些人不回来，美国人是不能释放的。

当然，我政府是明白的，美政府的说谎是骗不了的。然我们在长期等待释放，心急如火，唯恐错过机会，请老先生原谅，请政府原谅！

附上《纽约时报》旧闻一节，为学森五年来在美之处境。

在无限期望中祝您

康健

钱学森谨上

1955年6月15日

信函原件

陈叔通收到信件后顿感事关重大，因为钱学森的价值不仅美国人清楚，中国更十分明白，如果有了他的帮助，中国的导弹研发事业完全可以提前很多年。拿着这封信，陈叔通马上去找到了周恩来总理，周总理立即指示准备于8月1日参加日内瓦第二次中美大使级会谈的王炳南，以释放被俘的11名美国飞行员为条件，要求美国政府同意钱学森回国。美国政府虽然十分纠结，但考虑到钱学森已经远离导弹研发工作五年，其所掌握的部分技术和知识已经更新，想来放他回国对美国利益的损害也不会很大，在请示了总统艾森豪威尔之后，决定同意中方的条件。1955年8月4日，美国政府正式通知钱学森：准许他和家人离开美国，解除限制自由的一切措施。9月17日，钱学森和家人登上“克利夫兰”总统号邮轮返回中国，并在10月8日踏上了祖国的土地。

1960年2月，钱学森指导设计的中国第一枚液体探空火箭发射成功，9个月后，中国第一枚近程地地导弹“东风一号”发射成功。

1964年6月，中国第一枚改进后的中近程地地导弹飞行试验圆满成功，1970年4月24日，中国第一枚人造地球卫星“东方红一号”发射成功。

1964年爆炸的原子弹、1967年爆炸的氢弹，使得中国成为核大国。

1954年毛主席和陈叔通的一张合影，使得钱学森夫妇回国，中国的“两弹一星”崛起。看似毫无关联的两件事联系在一起，居然产生了核聚变一样的巨大影响，不能不说是冥冥中自有天意。天佑中华，中华崛起。

思考和研究后不难发现：毛主席和陈叔通的一张合影，毛主席手中的一根竹竿，毛主席看了故宫的防空部队后的一句话，陈叔通影响他的孙子辈的钱学森夫妇回国，新中国在建国后蒸蒸日上，毛主席等老一辈无产阶级革命家的人格魅力和智慧，尤其是是毛主席无私无我的巨大人格魅力，没有这个，就算合影一千张，一万张都是没有用的。

缅怀毛主席，也感谢陈叔通老人家，更感谢当年未留下名字的摄影师，留下了这张“抓拍”的照片。

英文翻译

    The photograph depicts a momentous occasion, capturing a meeting between Chairman Mao and Chen Shutong at the Forbidden City in Beijing. It was taken on the afternoon of May 17, 1954, as Chairman Mao, accompanied by Luo Ruiqing, visited the "Exhibition of Cultural Relics Unearthed in the Basic Construction Projects" held at the Forbidden City.

The background of this encounter is deeply rooted in the establishment of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Active excavations were conducted in Huixian, Henan Province, as a part of the nationwide infrastructure development. Numerous ancient artifacts were unearthed during this period, prompting the Institute to coordinate excavations in Changsha, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Tangshan, and other locations as per the directives of the Cultural Relics Bureau.

In April 1954, the Ministry of Culture decided to hold the "National Exhibition of Cultural Relics Unearthed in the Basic Construction Projects" at the historical museum located at the Meridian Gate. A total of 3,760 representative artifacts were carefully selected from 131,713 relics discovered nationwide and put on public display. Chairman Mao, known for his keen interest in history and archaeology, eagerly visited the exhibition ahead of its official opening on May 17. He returned to the Forbidden City on May 20 for further exploration, emphasizing the importance of understanding China's history and heritage. It was during one of these visits that the iconic photograph of Chairman Mao and Chen Shutong was captured.

Chen Shutong, born in 1876 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, was a prominent political activist and a respected patriot in modern China. He passed the imperial examination in 1903 and later studied political science and law in Japan. Upon his return, he joined the anti-Qing activities of the Restoration Society. After the Xinhai Revolution, Chen served as a member of the first National Assembly of the Republic of China and held various governmental positions. Later in life, he became involved in banking and education, even serving as the vice president of the Zhejiang University's predecessor, the Qiu Shi Academy.

Two of his students at the Qiu Shi Academy, Jiang Bai Li and Qian Jun Fu, also adopted courtesy names. Jiang Bai Li, later known as one of the "Three and a Half Military Strategists" in the Republic of China, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. Qian Jun Fu, on the other hand, became a renowned scholar and served as the Director of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education. Their children, Jiang Ying and Qian Xuesen, eventually married, cementing the deep connection between their families.

Due to their shared educational background and respect for Chen Shutong, Jiang Ying and Qian Xuesen referred to him as "Grand Teacher" and held him in high esteem. In September 1949, at the age of 73, Chen Shutong was elected as the Vice Chairman of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, solidifying his position as a senior leader in the new China. Chairman Mao, in particular, held him in high regard, addressing him as "Uncle" rather than by his name.

    Chen Shutong, a former Hanlin of the Qing Dynasty, was highly knowledgeable in traditional studies. Therefore, Chairman Mao specially invited him to the Forbidden City to view an exhibition. Upon arriving at the exhibition hall, Chen Shutong carefully examined the precious artifacts of the Peking Man excavated from Zhoukoudian, including teeth and tools, together with Chairman Mao. They spent over two hours walking inside and outside the exhibition hall of the Meridian Gate, then circled the city tower. At the northwest corner tower, the staff took a photo of Chairman Mao and Chen Shutong.

The highlight of the visit was when Chen Shutong noticed Chairman Mao holding a cane made of bamboo. He curiously asked Chairman Mao for it, holding it in his hands and examining it carefully. He was deeply moved to find that it was just an ordinary piece of bamboo. He couldn't help but feel deeply impressed. He had never expected that the highest leader of the country, Chairman Mao, would have no difference in daily use from ordinary people. Chen Shutong had met Emperor Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi, Yuan Shikai, Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek, but Chairman Mao's demeanor was completely different from them. This further convinced him that Chairman Mao and the Communist Party of China were genuinely dedicated to serving the country's prosperity and national rejuvenation. During their conversation, the staff opportunistically captured the moment with a photo.

After the photo, Chairman Mao looked at the nearby anti-aircraft artillery position on the west city wall and remarked, "It's not good to have anti-aircraft guns here. It would be too late if enemy planes flew here and attacked." This statement was very important and was later adopted by relevant departments.

The photo of Chairman Mao and Chen Shutong was published in the monthly "People's Pictorial," which was not only distributed domestically in China but also in some foreign countries, including the United States. At that time, the news censorship authorities in the United States did not ban "People's Pictorial." This issue of "People's Pictorial," featuring the photo of Chairman Mao and Chen Shutong, somehow made its way to Los Angeles, California, and ended up in the hands of Qian Xuesen, concealed in a basket of vegetables. The circumstances of how this domestic Chinese publication reached Qian Xuesen's home in the United States would require further investigation by interested parties. By then, a year had passed since the photo was taken. Qian Xuesen had been persecuted by the U.S. government since 1952 due to his possession of the most sensitive missile secrets and had been under long-term surveillance by the FBI.

Qian Xuesen's wife, Jiang Ying, accidentally discovered the photo of Mao and Chen from a past issue of "People's Pictorial" while unpacking the delivered vegetables. The couple was amazed to see their familiar "Old Teacher" taking a photo with Chairman Mao on the city tower of the Forbidden City, indicating his high status in the new China. After careful planning, Qian Xuesen wrote a letter seeking help to Chen Shutong, which was first sent to his sister in Belgium, Jiang Hua, and then passed on to Chen Shutong through her. The original text of the letter, written neatly and legibly, will not be elaborated here.

    Dear Mr. Qian Xuesen,

It has been a long time since we bid farewell in September 1947 and we have not been in touch. However, seeing your dedication to serving the people and your hard work in various newspapers and journals has truly moved and inspired us.

It was a mistake for me to have fallen into the hands of the American government a few years ago, and I have been detained for five years now. Not a day, not a moment passes without thoughts of returning to my homeland to participate in the great wave of construction. However, there are more important and urgent issues in the world that need to be resolved, and the plight of people like me cannot be used to complain.

During these years, I have only been able to focus on studying within my limited scope, in preparation for my return to my country in the future.

Now, the newspapers are reporting the possibility of an exchange of detained individuals between China and the United States, but the American side is lying, claiming that Chinese students who wish to return have already been released. This news has left us feeling anxious. My government must not trust their words. Apart from myself, there are many compatriots who wish to return but are unable to. From what I know, there is the family of Guo Yonghuai, and there are others whose names I am not sure of. Without their return, the Americans cannot release us.

Of course, my government understands that the lies of the American government cannot deceive us. However, as we wait for our release, our hearts are filled with anxiety, fearing that we might miss the opportunity. Please forgive me, Mr. Qian, and forgive the government for our impatience.

Enclosed is an excerpt from an old article in The New York Times, detailing my situation in the United States over the past five years.

With boundless hope, I wish you good health.

Sincerely,

Qian Xuesen

June 15, 1955

    Upon receiving the letter, Chen Shutong immediately realized the significance of its contents. He understood that the value of Qian Xuesen was not only recognized by the Americans, but also deeply understood by the Chinese. With his help, China's missile development program could advance many years ahead. Holding the letter in his hand, Chen Shitong promptly sought out Premier Zhou Enlai, who immediately instructed Wang Bingnan, the representative to the second Sino-American ambassadorial talks in Geneva scheduled for August 1st, to demand the release of the 11 American pilots in exchange for Qian Xuesen's return. The US government, while reluctant, ultimately agreed to China's conditions after considering the fact that Qian Xuesen had been away from missile development work for five years and that his knowledge may have become outdated. In addition, the potential damage to US interests was deemed minimal. After consulting with President Eisenhower, the US government officially notified Qian Xuesen on August 4, 1955, that he and his family were permitted to leave the country and all restrictions on their freedom were lifted. On September 17, Qian Xuesen and his family boarded the President Cleveland cruise ship to return to China, and on October 8, they set foot on their homeland once again.

In February 1960, the first Chinese liquid sounding rocket designed under Qian Xuesen's guidance was successfully launched. Nine months later, the first Chinese short-range surface-to-surface missile, Dongfeng-1, was successfully launched. In June 1964, the first improved medium-range surface-to-surface missile test flight was successful. Then, on April 24, 1970, China successfully launched its first artificial satellite, Dongfanghong-1. The detonation of the atomic bomb in 1964 and the hydrogen bomb in 1967 made China a nuclear power.

The photograph of Chairman Mao and Chen Shitong in 1954 led to the return of Qian Xuesen and his wife, and the rise of China's "two bombs and one satellite." The seemingly unrelated events were connected in a way that had a tremendous impact, almost as if it were fate. The rise of China is truly a blessing from heaven.

Upon reflection and research, it is evident that the photograph of Chairman Mao and Chen Shitong, Chairman Mao's bamboo pole, and his comment after inspecting the Forbidden City's anti-aircraft forces, all influenced Qian Xuesen's return to China. The charisma and wisdom of Chairman Mao and other revolutionary leaders of the older generation, especially Chairman Mao's selflessness, played a significant role. Without this, even a thousand or ten thousand photographs would have been meaningless.

Let us remember Chairman Mao, and express gratitude to Chen Shitong, and to the photographer who captured that "spontaneous" photo without leaving a name.

打油

毛泽东，陈叔通，

一根竹竿说不同，

照片引回钱学森，

个中奇缘说分明。

门球狂人

023




                     清平乐·六盘山
天高云淡，望断南飞雁。不到长城非好汉，屈指行程二万。
六盘山上高峰，红旗漫卷西风。今日长缨在手，何时缚住苍龙？

1935年10月7日，红军长征途中，在宁夏六盘山的青石嘴击败了前来堵截的敌骑兵团，扫清了阻碍，摆脱了追敌，当天下午，翻越六盘山。于1935年10月19日到达陕北保安县吴起镇（今吴旗县），与陕北红军胜利会师，完成了震惊世界的二万五千里长征。这首《清平乐·六盘山》就是毛主席翻越六盘山时的咏怀之作。
1957年在《诗刊》创刊号上发表时作“旄头”。1961年9月毛主席为宁夏干部重新书写。手迹发表在1961年10月7日的《光明日报》。
说起来，毛主席亲笔重新书写这首词，还是因为时任国家副主席董必武的原因。
事情是这样的：1959年9月，人民大会堂落成。中央决定给全国各省、自治区、直辖市留有一个会议厅，而且，这些会议厅分别由各省、自治区自己设计布置。
宁夏回族自治区在讨论宁夏厅的布置方案时，决定用贺兰石雕刻毛主席题写的《清平乐·六盘山》，再配上一幅毛泽东领导红军长征过六盘山的画。
宁夏的设计既新颖别致又具有地方特色。但前提是必须拿到毛主席亲自手书的《清平乐·六盘山》。
于是，宁夏的领导便请时任国家副主席的董必武出面，邀请毛主席择机为其亲笔手书。董必武回复说：毛主席现在很少题字题词，只能尝试一下。
1961年8月25日，董必武向毛主席转达了宁夏的请求：“我受了宁夏同志之托，转恳你把你在六盘山作的清平乐词写一纸给宁夏……受托很久了，总觉得这样的琐事麻烦你太不应该。日前，宁夏来信催问，无奈，只得请你原谅，费神随笔一挥为盼！”
1937年1月至1947年3月，中共中央驻延安时，徐特立、吴玉章、谢觉哉、董必武、林伯渠5位德高望重的老同志被尊称为“延安五老”。除1934年10月被党派到国外工作的吴玉章同志外，其余四位均参加了长征。
毛主席对董必武颇为敬重，于是破例于1961年9月8日，在江西庐山召开中央工作会议期间，为宁夏书写了《清平乐·六盘山》，并回复董必武：“遵嘱写了六盘山一词，如以为可用，请转付宁夏同志。如不可用，可以再写。”
直到如今，人民大会堂宁夏厅，有一幅楠木作框，贺兰石为底，长3米，宽1米的石屏，上面雕刻着毛主席亲笔手书的《清平乐·六盘山》，成了引人注目的圣景。


英文翻译

The peaceful and serene melody of "Liu Pan Mountain"

The sky is high and the clouds are light, watching the southbound geese disappear. A true hero must reach the Great Wall, counting the journey of twenty thousand li.

On the high peaks of Liu Pan Mountain, the red flag flutters in the western wind. Today, with the long reins in hand, when will the mighty dragon be tamed?

On October 7, 1935, the Red Army defeated the enemy cavalry at Qingshizui in the Six Pan Mountain of Ningxia, clearing the obstacles and escaping the pursuit. In the afternoon of the same day, they crossed the Six Pan Mountain. On October 19, 1935, they arrived at Wuqi Town in northern Shaanxi, where they met with the Red Army of northern Shaanxi, completing the astonishing 25,000-li Long March. This poem, "The Peaceful and Serene Melody of Liu Pan Mountain," was composed by Chairman Mao when he crossed the Six Pan Mountain.

When it was published in the inaugural issue of "Poetry Magazine" in 1957, it was titled "The Banner". In September 1961, Chairman Mao rewrote it for the cadres of Ningxia. His handwritten version was published in the "Guangming Daily" on October 7, 1961.

The reason for Chairman Mao's personal rewriting of this poem was due to Vice Chairman of the State Dong Biwu. In 1959, the People's Great Hall was completed. The Central Government decided to leave a conference hall for each province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government, with each designing and decorating their own hall.

When discussing the decoration plan for the Ningxia hall, it was decided to use a He Lan stone carving of Chairman Mao's handwritten "The Peaceful and Serene Melody of Liu Pan Mountain," accompanied by a painting of Mao Zedong leading the Red Army's Long March over the Six Pan Mountain. The design was both novel and unique, with local characteristics. However, the prerequisite was to obtain Chairman Mao's handwritten "The Peaceful and Serene Melody of Liu Pan Mountain."

Therefore, the leaders of Ningxia asked Vice Chairman Dong Biwu to invite Chairman Mao to personally write it. Dong Biwu replied that Chairman Mao rarely wrote inscriptions, but he would try.

On August 25, 1961, Dong Biwu conveyed Ningxia's request to Chairman Mao: "I have been entrusted by the comrades of Ningxia to earnestly request that you write a copy of your 'The Peaceful and Serene Melody of Liu Pan Mountain' for Ningxia... I have been entrusted for a long time, and I always feel that such trivial matters should not trouble you. Recently, Ningxia sent a letter urging me, so I had no choice but to ask for your forgiveness and trouble you with this small matter!"

From January 1937 to March 1947, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was stationed in Yan'an, Xu Teli, Wu Yuzhang, Xie Juezhai, Dong Biwu, and Lin Boqu, five highly respected old comrades, were known as the "Five Elders of Yan'an." Except for Wu Yuzhang, who was sent abroad to work for the party in October 1934, the other four all participated in the Long March.

Chairman Mao had great respect for Dong Biwu, so on September 8, 1961, during the Central Work Conference in Lushan, Jiangxi, he wrote "The Peaceful and Serene Melody of Liu Pan Mountain" for Ningxia, and replied to Dong Biwu: "I have followed your instructions and written the poem 'Liu Pan Mountain.' If you find it suitable, please pass it on to the comrades in Ningxia. If it is not suitable, I can write it again."

To this day, the Ningxia Hall of the People's Great Hall has a 3-meter-long and 1-meter-wide stone screen, with a nanmu frame and a He Lan stone base, engraved with Chairman Mao's handwritten "The Peaceful and Serene Melody of Liu Pan Mountain," becoming a remarkable and revered sight.

打油
红军长征结束日，
战旗飘过六盘山，
董老促成风云会，
宁夏厅内圣景现。

门球狂人

024

涿州农村民风民俗见闻

文 刘会军

2024年2月14日，农历正月初五。上午，我应邀与索文、张三清夫妇上了瞿坤的自驾车，另一辆车是马洪文和李振寅。
车子出城，一直向东北，到了义和庄镇陶营。在这个村里，有一年一度的高跷会。
姜水、冯淑英夫妇老家是该村，因为都在城里工作，一年中回老家的机会极为有限。此次恰逢在老家过年，他们的儿子从北京放假回家，赶上村里正月初五有会，他夫妇二人邀请城里几位朋友来村里观光。

今年春节前后，我因身体原因，呆在家里的时间多，很少出门。有数的仅有三次出城。
1、2月2日，农历腊月二十三，坐瞿坤的自驾车，到了涿州刁窝镇万全庄，参加了年货大集。这是当地2023年“731大水”的重灾区，灾后习总书记到过的地方。回来后当天写下了一篇文章《龙行龘龘》。
2、2月6日，农历腊月二十七，和张三清夫妇一起，坐他外甥开的自驾车，到了涿州松林店镇韩村，去看了庙会和那里举办的“村晚”。回来后写下了一篇《村晚》。
3、2月14日，农历正月初五，坐瞿坤的自驾车，到了涿州义和庄镇陶营村，看了那里举办的高跷会。还凑热闹参加了一次涿州农村的搭棚席，回来后完成本文《涿州农村民风民俗见闻》。

我们今天搭伙去陶营的人，依照年龄依次是：
原涿县县委副书记、退休干部李振寅同志，原矿山局塑料厂厂长、退休干部索文同志，原二康医院退休干部刘会军、涿州著名记者张三清夫妇、原涿洲中学退休干部马洪文、涿洲原政协委员、企业家瞿坤，我们这一方面团队一行七人都是涿州众星三青写作团的成员。
该村的高跷会历史悠久，是非遗项目，今天有三十余人的展演。在村里巡演，共摆了三个展演场地。各演出点观看者都有数百人之众，村民们在自己的家门口欣赏了高跷会的表演。
在村里巡回展演后，参加演出人员回到该村高跷会会长陈树堂的家，大家合影留念。陈会长家搭起大棚、请来一条龙专业队伍，邀请大家共同聚餐。
此行，获知很多新的见闻。
1、陶营村高跷会，会长陈树堂，属大龙，今年是他的本命年，72岁了。他的两个女儿一个儿子都是高跷会成员。他的儿子陈超，41岁。是现任非遗传承人。该村的高跷会非遗名号名不虚传。
2、瞿坤昨天还在河北唐山观看那里举办的文体活动，他是自己开车过去的，他还在唐山南湖公园广场龙行龘龘，尽兴舞龙；今天他到了陶营村，车子后备箱里的几条龙又腾飞了起来。尤其是他还不嫌事大，告知了他的舞龙好友周淑芬、陈静，这两位可真的是不含糊，从涿州城里骑自行车车赶到陶营，出手不凡，给展演大会带来了喜庆。这三人的舞龙项目因今天有五级左右的春风，抛龙、盘龙等环节发挥不佳，但情绪饱满，村民们给予了热情的掌声。
3、就餐环节，村里一位七旬左右的长者齐鹏，给我们演唱了一首多年前的涿州歌曲。和我领座的李振寅老哥坐不住了，嘱咐人去车里拿来一本他著的一本书相赠并合影留念。这首歌是五十多年前李振寅作词，某作曲家配曲的涿州的歌，我记住他唱的有“巍巍双塔和拒马河”等。
4、与我们同行的一位姜水老师的同学孙杰，他也是从城里来的，在展演中他对有两位腿上绑着高跷（略低些）的小朋友（学龄前）每人发了个大红包。据同行的马洪文老师告诉我：他还在职、他的夫人在涿州城里建设路开了一家幼儿园。经询问得知，他们家开的幼儿园离我住的地方很近，已经开了三十年了，据说经营情况还不错。
5、“不管有钱没钱，要干好咱自家的事儿”，这是本次高跷会最忙碌的陶营村高跷会陈树堂会长给我们敬酒时说的话。我记住了，同坐的人们也记住了。他是一位农民，看上去很朴实，腿脚不利索。听说他家去年卖了一百多头猪。今年猪肉价格普遍不高，估计也挣不了多少钱，但比村里的一般人家要富裕不少。陶营村，距离北京大兴区和房山、丰台都很近。地处京雄高速和永定河边，离金门闸很近，2023年发大水该村以及所在的义和庄镇没受影响。
6、民风民俗是特定社会文化区域内历代人们共同遵守的行为模式。人们往往将由自然条件的不同而造成的行为规范差异，称之为“风”，而将由社会文化的差异所造成的行为规则之不同，称之为“俗”，所谓“百里不同风，千里不同俗”正恰当地反映了风俗因地而异的特点，我国56个民族的风俗习惯也是各不相同的，都应该给予尊重。
7、陶营村高跷在一定程度上满足了人民群众的精神文化需求，增进了人与人之间的团结协作，具有很大的影响力和亲和力，是作为地域内群众认同的文化符号。他们村的高跷成长于一定的民俗空间，有着深厚的民俗文化底蕴，它的高跷动作、绝活儿带有鲜明的民族特色和地域特色，对于我们了解过去的民情风俗，提供了最生动、最形象的资料。可以说，该村高跷带有浓烈的民族色彩、地方色彩和时代色彩，是一幅鲜活的民俗风情画。
8、每个演出场地临结束时，踩高跷的人们围成一圈，在鼓乐声中载歌载舞，年龄大的七八个人在中央围成一圈，吟唱着曲目。我在现场没有听明白，回来后询问队中的长者。他用手机让我看了他们演唱的曲目歌词，竟然有几十首之多，歌词大都是中国古代传统文化的内容。受益了，受益匪浅。
9、陶营村高跷会队伍，以三、四十岁的居多。演出最年长者，已六十岁了，一般走走场还可以，高难度的动作就不敢做了。据我调查，最年长者八十岁，最年轻的三十岁左右。后继乏人的状况存在。令人眼前一亮的是有两位学龄前小朋友，腿上绑了高跷，跟着队伍走。有点摸样了，看到了该村高跷未来的希望。
10、今年春节，三次出城，三次呼吸新鲜的农村的空气，感到很舒畅。三次归来后犹如到过了三次巴马，心旷神怡。“这么近，那么美，周末到河北”是河北文旅说的。到河北看些啥？名胜古迹，美丽乡村，比如我到过的万全庄、韩村、陶营，就很值得一看。


等待同行者们的照片配图。
（刘会军 2024.2.14 农历正月初五 于涿州）