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发表于 2024-4-5 07:26:38
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甲辰年公祭轩辕黄帝
2024年4日4日（清明）上午，陕西省黄陵县举办“甲辰（2024）年清明公祭轩辕黄帝典礼”活动。
黄帝陵，是中华民族始祖轩辕黄帝的陵寝，是《史记》记载的唯一一座黄帝陵 ，第一批全国重点文物保护单位 ，第一批国家AAAAA级旅游景区 ，国家级风景名胜区 ，第一批全国爱国主义教育示范基地 。号称“天下第一陵"”，又称“华夏第一陵” ，“中华第一陵”。位于陕西省延安市黄陵县城北桥山。黄帝陵古称“桥陵”，是历代帝王和名人祭祀黄帝的场所。
历史上最早举行黄帝祭祀始于秦灵公三年(前422年)，秦灵公“作吴阳上畤，专祭黄帝”。自汉武帝元封元年(前110年)亲率十八万大军祭祀黄帝陵以来，桥山一直是历代王朝举行国家大祭之地 ，保存着汉代至今的各类文物。黄帝陵古柏群，是中国最古老、覆盖面积最大、保存最完整的古柏群 ，共8万余株，千年以上3万余株 。“黄帝手植柏”距今五千余年，相传为黄帝亲手所植，是世界上最古老的柏树 ，被誉为“世界柏树之父”和“世界柏树之冠”。
1961年3月，黄帝陵被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，编为“古墓葬第一号”。
1997年7月，被中宣部公布为第一批全国爱国主义教育示范基地。
2002年5月，被列为国家级风景名胜区。
2006年，清明公祭轩辕黄帝典礼(黄帝陵祭典)活动列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
2007年5月，被列为第一批国家AAAAA级旅游景区。
2013年11月，陕西省启动“黄帝陵祭典活动”申报世界非物质文化遗产名录工作。
2014年8月，黄帝陵列入申报世界文化遗产项目。
陕西是民族之根，延安是民族之魂，黄帝陵是中华文明的精神标识。
今年（2024年）典礼参加领导嘉宾：
1、全国人大副委员长彭清华、全国政协副主席蒋作君两位副国级领导
2、中央台办、国务院台办主任宋涛；
3、台湾地区前领导人、国民党前主席马英九，台湾新党前主席郁慕明；
4、中央统战部领导，全国侨联领导，民建、民革等民主党派领导，国家部委领导，甘肃、湖北等兄弟省份领导；
5、先进科技工作者、奥运冠军、全国三八红旗手等先进模范；
6、港澳人士；
7、陕西省领导；
8、各界群众。
甲辰(2024)年清明公祭轩辕黄帝典礼，4月4日在陕西黄帝陵举行，陕西省省长赵刚恭读祭文：
岁次甲辰，节届清明。桥山毓秀，沮水钟灵。祥风惠畅，万物滋荣。谨具鲜花雅乐之仪，恭祭轩辕黄帝。辞曰：
赫奕吾祖，日角龙颜。大道至简，御世承天。止戈为武，兵弭乱戡。宾从四野，威震瀛寰。礼乐斯兴，枝叶以蕃。千秋鼎祚，万代永传。
鸿蒙初辟，斯年兆京，亘古神州沧桑变幻；新华雄立，阅岁七五，崭新时代蔚为大观。应变局，育新机，国力亿逾百万；继绝学，护瑰宝，文明历久弥鲜。筑天宫，航巨舰，重器穿云探海；扶幼老，济孤弱，欢笑情满人间。大运亚运，迎聚嘉友，八方健儿竞技华夏；一带一路，利惠遐域，战略伙伴峰会长安。港澳背依厚土，一国两制和衷共济；宝岛心系根祖，两岸一统历史必然。江南细雨，大漠孤烟，清澈之爱，只为中华锦绣；三沙浩渺, 雪域风寒，出鞘之剑，护佑无恙江山。核心坚贞卓伟，纵无我，亦不负黎庶；赤子承训尊命，启阔步，向如铁雄关。进愈难，行愈险，虽千万人不阻吾往；道不变，志不改，破九重围必达之巅！
巍巍华岳，荡荡八川；汉唐风骨，气象万千。砥砺奋进，难中求成，经济行稳致远；瞻谋新质，创原革故，产业追攀高端。惜护祖脉，澄天净宇，清水一泓永续；广增福祉，兴利除患，陕地物泰民安。领袖情系三秦，厚望潮头勇立、西部垂范；儿女备感殊荣，扬振气魄无畏、誓谱新篇！
桥山巍然是仰，沮水潺湲流长。祈愿吾祖圣德，孚佑社稷安康。备简礼以示诚，献兹文而荐觞。惟冀歆格，尚其鉴享！
应记住的要点：
1、1911年孙中山就任临时大总统，专程派人赴黄帝陵祭祖，并留下“中华开国五千年……世界闻名，唯有我先”的诗句。
2、抗战时期，国共两党几度同祭黄帝陵，毛泽东主席亲自撰写祭文，“赫赫始祖，吾华肇造，胄衍祀绵，岳峨河浩……”；蒋中正亲笔题写“黄帝陵”碑。
3、1996年中办8号电文规定，每年黄帝陵庙祭祀不再由陕西省政府出面邀请国家领导人出席，而由中央直接派遣。自此以后，黄帝陵庙的祭祀就完全成为国家公祭的一种行为，而不是地方性的一种祭祀活动。
4、历代祭祀黄帝的活动从未中断。从虞、夏、商、周到秦、汉、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清，除了有的时段将黄帝同时作为“天神”、“帝王”祭祀外，都无一例外地将黄帝作为祖先祭祀。明代就将黄帝陵列为国家“祭典”。清代沿袭明代制度，康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉庆、道光等皇帝先后派员赴桥山黄帝陵，进行祭祀活动。民国时期，每年清明节都要公祭黄帝。
5、中国有五座黄帝陵，分别是河北涿鹿黄帝陵、北京平谷黄帝陵、河南荆山黄帝陵、甘肃正宁黄帝陵和陕西桥山黄帝陵。这几个地方一般都有祭拜，有着纪念传承文化的举措。
6、盛典包含如下庄严仪程。
第一项 全体肃立 击鼓鸣钟
第二项 唱《黄帝颂》
第三项 敬献花篮
第四项 恭读祭文
第五项 向轩辕黄帝像行三鞠躬礼
第六项 乐舞告祭
第七项 龙飞中华
第八项 瞻仰轩辕殿、拜谒黄帝陵、种植桥山柏。
7、盛典历史与地点：自2012年首次举办至今，2024年已是第十届盛典（2020、2021年因故停办）。盛典在陕西黄陵县桥山祭祀广场隆重举行，这里不仅是黄帝陵的所在地，更是中华民族的精神圣地。
《史记·卷一·五帝本纪第一》载:"黄帝崩，葬桥山"。桥山在远古时代为有蟜(jiǎo)氏居地，称作蟜山;黄帝时代称作“轩辕之丘”或“轩辕之台”，黄帝因此而得名“轩辕”，黄帝城中宫即位于此，以后演变成桥山。
黄帝、炎帝、蚩尤都是中华民族共同的人文始祖。传说经远古时代一次很大规模的涿鹿之战，黄帝联合炎帝打败了蚩尤后，由华族部落联盟首领成为天下共主，使华夏民族由蛮荒时代跨入了文明时代，黄帝的丰功伟绩理所当然地受到后世的敬仰和崇拜。黄帝死后，人们为了表达对这位人文初祖的怀念之情，便在桥山起冢为陵，立庙祭祀。
秦始皇扫灭六国统一天下后，规定天子的坟墓一律称作“陵”，一般庶民坟称作“墓”。汉代又规定天子陵旁必设“庙”，汉朝建立伊始，汉高祖刘邦便颁诏于天下--“吾甚重祠而敬祭。今上帝之祭及山川诸神当祀者，各以其时礼祠之如故”，在桥山西麓建起“轩辕庙”。其后汉武帝亲自祭祀黄帝陵，《史记·卷十二·孝武本纪第十二》 和《史记·卷二十八·封禅书第六》 载:“其来年冬，上议曰:'古者先振兵泽旅，然后封禅。'乃遂北巡朔方，勒兵十余万，还祭黄帝冢桥山，释兵须如。”元封元年(前110年)冬，汉武帝领军十万北巡朔方，返回时专程来到桥山，祭祀黄帝之冢。这是正史中第一次记载黄帝陵。
祭祀活动，增进民族认同感，增强民族凝聚力，宣扬我五千年华夏文化，增强民族自豪感，使我中华民族自尊自信地屹立于世界民族之林，具有重要意义。
英文翻译
On the morning of April 4, 2024 (Qingming Festival), the "2024 Qingming Ceremony for the Public Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor" was held in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province.
The Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is the burial place of the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor, and is the only mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor recorded in "Records of the Grand Historian". It is also the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, the first batch of national AAAAA-level tourist attractions, a national-level scenic spot, and the first batch of national patriotic education demonstration bases. It is known as the "number one mausoleum in the world", also known as the "number one mausoleum of Huaxia", and the "number one mausoleum of China". Located in Qiaoshan, north of Huangling County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, formerly known as "Qiaoling", has been the place for emperors and famous figures to worship the Yellow Emperor throughout history.
The earliest recorded worship of the Yellow Emperor in history dates back to the third year of Qin Ling Gong (422 BC), when Qin Ling Gong "held a special sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor at Wuyang Shangzhi". Since Emperor Wu of Han led a 180,000-strong army to sacrifice at the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), Qiaoshan has always been the place for dynasties to hold national grand sacrifices, preserving various cultural relics from the Han Dynasty to the present. The ancient cypress grove at the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is the oldest, largest, and most intact cypress grove in China, with over 80,000 cypress trees, of which more than 30,000 are over a thousand years old. The "Yellow Emperor's hand-planted cypress" dates back over five thousand years, and is said to have been planted personally by the Yellow Emperor, making it the oldest cypress tree in the world, known as the "father of cypress trees in the world" and the "crown of cypress trees in the world".
In March 1961, the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, designated as "Ancient Tomb No. 1". In July 1997, it was announced by the Central Propaganda Department as the first batch of national patriotic education demonstration bases. In May 2002, it was listed as a national-level scenic spot. In 2006, the Qingming Ceremony for the Public Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor (Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum Ceremony) was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. In May 2007, it was listed as the first batch of national AAAAA-level tourist attractions. In November 2013, Shaanxi Province initiated the application for the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum Ceremony to be included in the World Intangible Cultural Heritage list. In August 2014, the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum was included in the application for World Cultural Heritage projects.
Shaanxi is the root of the nation, Yan'an is the soul of the nation, and the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is the spiritual symbol of Chinese civilization.
The ceremony this year (2024) was attended by leading guests including:
1. Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress, Peng Qinghua, and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Jiang Zuojun, two vice-national level leaders.
2. Director of the Central Taiwan Affairs Office and the State Council Taiwan Affairs Office, Song Tao;
3. Former leaders of Taiwan, former chairman of the Kuomintang, Ma Ying-jeou, and former chairman of the Taiwan New Party, Yu Muming;
4. Leaders of the Central United Front Work Department, the National Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, leaders of democratic parties such as the China Democratic National Construction Association and the China National Democratic Construction Association, leaders of national ministries, and leaders of brother provinces such as Gansu and Hubei;
5. Advanced technology workers, Olympic champions, and national March 8th Red Banner winners, among other exemplary individuals;
6. Individuals from Hong Kong and Macao;
7. Leaders of Shaanxi Province;
8. People from all walks of life.
In the year of Jia Chen (2024), the Qingming Festival will be held on April 4th at the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in Shaanxi. Zhao Gang, the governor of Shaanxi Province, will solemnly read the sacrificial text:
In the year of Jia Chen, the Qingming Festival arrives. The Qiaoshan Mountain is lush, and the Jushui River is spiritual. The auspicious wind brings prosperity to all things. With fresh flowers and elegant music, we respectfully offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor. The text reads:
"Radiant and majestic, our ancestor, with a dragon-like countenance. The great path is simple, ruling the world as bestowed by heaven. Ceasing war for martial arts, quelling chaos and disorder. Guests come from all directions, and the prestige resonates far and wide. With the flourishing of ritual and music, the nation prospers. The glory of a thousand autumns, the eternal transmission of ten thousand generations.
The beginning of the universe, the signs of the year Jia Chen, the vicissitudes of ancient China; the emergence of a new era, the passing of seventy-five years, a magnificent new era unfolds. Adapting to changes, nurturing new opportunities, the nation's strength exceeds a billion; inheriting lost knowledge, protecting precious treasures, civilization remains ever fresh. Building heavenly palaces, navigating colossal ships, advanced tools pierce through the clouds and explore the seas; caring for the young and old, helping the weak, joy and laughter fill the world. The Asian Games, gathering friends, athletes from all directions compete in China; the Belt and Road Initiative, benefiting distant lands, strategic partners convene in Chang'an. Hong Kong and Macau rely on the motherland, one country, two systems in harmony; the treasure island's heart is connected to its roots, the reunification of both sides is an inevitable historical trend. The gentle rain in the south, the lonely smoke in the desert, pure love, only for the splendor of China; the vast seas, the cold winds of the snowy region, the unsheathed sword protects the safety of the nation. The core remains steadfast and magnificent, even without me, it will not fail the people; the loyal offspring inherit the noble mission, taking bold steps towards the Iron Gate. The more difficult the progress, the riskier the journey, even if thousands of people stand in the way, I will not be deterred; the path remains unchanged, the determination unwavering, breaking through nine layers of obstacles will lead to the summit!
The majestic Qiaoshan Mountain, the flowing Jushui River; the spirit of the Han and Tang dynasties, a myriad of grandeur. Forging ahead with determination, achieving success amidst difficulties, the economy moves steadily towards the future; seeking new qualities, innovating and reforming, industries reach new heights. Cherishing the ancestral roots, purifying the sky and earth, a clear stream will continue to flow; expanding blessings, eliminating hardships, Shaanxi's land will be prosperous and its people at peace. The leader's heart is with Sanqin, with high hopes and courage, setting an example in the western region; the sons and daughters feel a great honor, raising their spirits without fear, and vowing to write a new chapter!
The towering Qiaoshan Mountain is revered, the flowing Jushui River is long. We pray for the sacred virtue of our ancestor to protect the nation. With a simple ceremony to show our sincerity, we offer this text and a toast. We hope it will be appreciated and enjoyed!"
It is important to remember:
1. In 1911, Sun Yat-sen, upon assuming the position of interim president, sent envoys to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum to pay respects to his ancestors, and left behind the poem "China's five thousand years of founding...world-renowned, only we were the first."
2. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party jointly paid tribute to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum several times. Chairman Mao Zedong personally wrote a sacrificial text, "The illustrious ancestor, our Chinese progenitor, the descendants continue to offer sacrifices, the mountains and rivers are vast..." Chiang Kai-shek personally inscribed the "Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum" stele.
3. In 1996, the Central Committee's Document No. 8 stipulated that the annual ceremony at the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum would no longer be organized by the Shaanxi Provincial Government to invite national leaders to attend, but would be directly dispatched by the central government. Since then, the ceremony at the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum has become a national public sacrificial act, rather than a local ritual.
4. The sacrificial activities for the Yellow Emperor have never been interrupted. From the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, except for some periods when the Yellow Emperor was also worshipped as a "heavenly god" and "emperor," without exception, the Yellow Emperor was worshipped as an ancestor. In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum was listed as a national "sacrificial ceremony." In the Qing Dynasty, following the Ming Dynasty system, emperors such as Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang successively sent envoys to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum at Qiaoshan, to conduct sacrificial activities. During the Republic of China, every year on the Qingming Festival, a public sacrifice is made to the Yellow Emperor. There are five Yellow Emperor's mausoleums in China, located in Zunhua, Hebei, Pinggu, Beijing, Jingshan, Henan, Zhengning, Gansu, and Qiaoshan, Shaanxi. These places usually hold ceremonies to commemorate and inherit the culture.
The grand ceremony includes the following solemn procedures:
1. All stand solemnly, drums and bells are struck.
2. Sing the "Ode to the Yellow Emperor."
3. Present flower baskets in reverence.
4. Read the sacrificial text respectfully.
5. Bow three times to the statue of the Yellow Emperor.
6. Perform ceremonial dances.
7. The dragon soars over China.
8. Visit the Xuanyuan Palace, pay respects to the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum, and plant cypress trees at Qiaoshan.
The historical and geographical location of the ceremony: Since its first inauguration in 2012, the 10th ceremony will be held in 2024 (due to unforeseen circumstances, the event was not held in 2020 and 2021). The grand ceremony is held in the Qiaoshan Sacrificial Square in Huangling County, Shaanxi. This is not only the location of the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum, but also a spiritual sanctuary for the Chinese nation.
According to "Records of the Historian, Volume 1, Annals of the Five Emperors", it is recorded that "The Yellow Emperor was buried in Qiaoshan". In ancient times, Qiaoshan was the residence of the Jiao tribe, called Jiaoshan; during the time of the Yellow Emperor, it was called "Xuanyuan's Hill" or "Xuanyuan's Platform". The Yellow Emperor was named "Xuanyuan" after this, and the imperial palace of the Yellow Emperor was located here, evolving into Qiaoshan. The Yellow Emperor, Yan Emperor, and Chi You are all common ancestors of the Chinese nation. Legend has it that after a large-scale battle in ancient times, the Yellow Emperor united with the Yan Emperor to defeat Chi You, and became the leader of the alliance of the Hua tribe, leading the Huaxia nation from the barbaric era into the civilized era. The great achievements of the Yellow Emperor naturally received the reverence and worship of future generations. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, people built a tomb and a temple on Qiaoshan to express their nostalgia for this human ancestor.
After Qin Shihuang unified the six states and established the rule that the emperor's tomb should be called a "mausoleum", and the tomb of ordinary people should be called a "grave", the Han Dynasty further stipulated that a "temple" must be set up next to the emperor's mausoleum. Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang issued a decree to the whole country: "I attach great importance to sacrifices and reverence. Now, the sacrifices to the gods and mountains and rivers should be offered as before." A "Xuanyuan Temple" was built on the western foothills of Qiaoshan. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty personally sacrificed to the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum. According to "Records of the Historian, Volume 12, Annals of Emperor Wu", and "Records of the Historian, Volume 28, Book of the Enthronement of the Gods", in the winter of the following year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty led an army of more than 100,000 to the northern frontier, and then returned to sacrifice at the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum at Qiaoshan, releasing the army. This is the first historical record of the Yellow Emperor's mausoleum.
The sacrificial activities enhance national identity, strengthen national cohesion, promote our 5,000 years of Chinese culture, and enhance national pride, allowing the Chinese nation to stand tall in the world with self-respect and confidence, which is of great significance.
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发表于 2024-4-5 07:24:47
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