【札记】赋

门球狂人

                      赋



                      序

四个自信是：道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信。
两个结合是：把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合。
弘扬文化自信和中华优秀传统文化，是本书的主旨。
这里所研学的赋，是中华文化“诗词歌赋”中的赋。
从文学的角度看，赋是口头文学的合称。班固在《汉书·艺文志》中说：“不歌而诵谓之赋”，即不用音乐伴奏歌唱，只口头诵读就叫做赋，相当于今天的朗诵。
“赋”还被理解为《诗经》的六种表现方法，即风、雅、颂、赋、比、兴之一，是一种直陈其事的表现手法，即对所写的事物加以铺陈描述。
赋是中国古代的一种介于诗歌和散文之间的文体。具有独特的文学魅力和艺术表现力，能通过丰富的语言和韵律，生动地描述景物，表达作者的情感和思想。
赋的特点：
语言结构：语句以四字或六字为主，追求骈偶和排比，结构紧凑，节奏感强。
语音韵律：语音上要求声律谐和，使得诵读时音韵优美，增强文学的美感。
文辞藻饰：文辞上讲究藻饰和用典，使得文章华丽而富有内涵。
内容表达：倾向于写景，通过景物描写来表达情感和思想，具有强烈的艺术感染力。
赋最显具的特点可用八个字概括为：“铺采摛文，体物写志”。
铺采擒文，就是在表达上注重语言铺叙和词藻的华丽，通过浓墨重彩的描绘和修辞手法，使文章显得特别华丽而富有艺术性，具有很强的视觉和听觉的享受，充满文学美感。
体物写志，侧重于通过描绘事物来表达作者的情感和志向，使赋具有深刻的思想内涵。
由于政治环境的变迁，语言以及文学样式的多样化、社会节奏加快、高考制度影响等，赋现在并不流行，当今的人们很难再看到能给人以启迪的赋文。
其实：赋，门槛底，易于理解；适应各种场合；符合文人性情；给人以美的享受。

古人常有的八雅是：焚香、品茗、听雨、抚琴、对弈、酌酒、拾花、读书、候月、寻幽......

今人常有的八雅是：喝酒、唱歌、跳舞、洗脚、按摩、品茗、健身、读书、网络、宵夜......

可见，唯有读书是古今所一致的。

能沉下心来，读赋或写赋，感受中华优秀传统文化，善莫大焉。

以【札记】收集100篇古今赋文，配以英文，供爱好者习读、习练之。

刘会军 2024.9
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英文

    Title: The Beauty of Chinese Classical Poetry and Prose

Introduction

Confidence comes in four forms: confidence in the path we choose, confidence in our theories, confidence in our systems, and confidence in our culture. The key is to integrate the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific realities of China and the richness of traditional Chinese culture.

The main theme of this book is to promote cultural confidence and the essence of traditional Chinese culture. The focus of this study is on a specific form of Chinese culture known as "fu" from the realm of Chinese poetry.

From a literary perspective, "fu" is a form of oral literature that combines the elements of poetry and prose. It is a method of vividly describing scenes and expressing emotions and thoughts through rich language and rhythm.

Characteristics of "fu":
1. Language structure: Utilizes four or six-character sentences, emphasizing parallelism and rhythm.
2. Phonological rhythm: Emphasizes harmonious sound patterns to enhance the aesthetic appeal during recitation.
3. Literary embellishments: Pays attention to elaborate language and allusions to create a rich and profound text.
4. Content expression: Focuses on depicting scenes to convey emotions and thoughts, possessing strong artistic appeal.

The essence of "fu" can be summarized as "elaborate language and vivid depiction of scenes to express emotions and aspirations." Despite the decline in popularity of "fu" due to various factors, it remains an accessible and enriching form of literature that provides aesthetic enjoyment.

In today's fast-paced society, it is challenging to find enlightening pieces of "fu" literature. However, the act of reading and writing "fu" allows individuals to connect with the beauty of traditional Chinese culture and experience a sense of tranquility.

By compiling 100 ancient and modern "fu" works with English translations in a collection titled "Notes," enthusiasts can engage in the study and practice of this art form.

Written by Liu Huijun, September 2024.


   

门球狂人

目录

001《阿房宫赋》唐·杜牧
002《子虚赋》西汉·司马相如
003《洛神赋》三国·曹植
004《前赤壁赋》北宋·苏轼
005《哀江南赋》南北朝·庾信
006《上林赋》，西汉·司马相如
007《别赋》南朝·江淹
008《秋声赋》北宋·欧阳修
009《风赋》战国末期·宋玉
010《七发》西汉·枚乘

门球狂人

001

阿房宫赋

杜牧·唐

  六王毕，四海一，蜀山兀，阿房出。覆压三百余里，隔离天日。骊（lí）山北构而西折，直走咸阳。二川溶 溶，流入宫墙。五步一楼，十步一阁；廊腰缦回，檐牙高啄；各抱地势，钩心斗角。盘盘焉，囷囷（qūn）焉，蜂房水涡，矗（chù）不知其（广东版教材为“乎”）几千万落。长桥卧波，未云何龙？复道行空，不霁（jì）何虹？高低冥迷，不知西东（也做“东西”）。歌台暖响，春光融融；舞殿冷袖，风雨凄凄。一日之内，一宫之间，而气候不齐。
　　妃嫔(pín)媵（yìng）嫱(qiáng)，王子皇孙，辞楼下殿，辇（niǎn）来于秦，朝歌夜弦（xián），为秦宫人。明星荧(yíng)荧(yíng)，开妆镜也；绿云扰扰，梳晓鬟（huán）也；渭流涨腻，弃脂水也；烟斜雾横，焚椒兰也。雷霆乍惊，宫车过也；辘（lù）辘（lù）远听，杳（yǎo）不知其所之也。一肌一容，尽态极妍，缦立远视，而望幸焉。有不得（广东版教材无“得”）见者，三十六年。燕、赵之收藏，韩、魏之经营，齐、楚之精英，几世几年，摽（piāo)掠其人，倚叠如山。一旦不能有，输来其间。鼎铛（chēng）玉石，金块珠砾，弃掷逦（lǐ）迤（yǐ），秦人视之，亦不甚惜。
　　嗟乎！一人之心，千万人之心也。秦爱纷奢，人亦念其家。奈何取之尽锱（zī）铢（zhū），用之如泥沙？使负栋之柱，多于南亩之农夫；架梁之椽（chuán），多于机上之工女；钉头磷磷，多于在庾（yǔ）之粟(sù)粒；瓦缝参差（cēn cī ），多于周身之帛（bó）缕；直栏横槛（jiàn），多于九土之城郭；管弦呕（ōu）哑（yā），多于市人之言语。使天下之人，不敢言而敢怒。独夫之心，日益骄固。戍（shù）卒叫，函谷举，楚人一炬，可怜焦土！
　　呜呼，灭六国者六国也，非秦也。族秦者秦也，非天下也。嗟乎！使六国各爱其人，则足以拒秦；使秦复爱六国之人，则递三世可至万世而为君，谁得而族灭也？秦人不暇自哀，而后人哀之；后人哀之而不鉴之，亦使后人而复哀后人也。

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英文

    In the grandeur of the palace of Qin, where six kings gather and the whole world is united, the majestic beauty of the Shu Mountains and the grandeur of the Afang Palace emerge. Spanning over three hundred miles, it shields the sun and sky from view. Li Mountain stands to the north, bending to the west, leading straight to Xianyang. Two rivers merge and flow into the palace walls. Every five steps, a tower; every ten steps, a pavilion. The corridors wind around, the eaves high and sharp, embracing the natural landscape with intricate designs. Spiraling and winding, like beehives and whirlpools, countless structures rise and sprawl across the land. Long bridges lie over rippling waves, hiding the mystery of what lies beneath. The paths are empty, with no rainbow in sight. The heights and depths are shrouded in mystery, with no clear distinction between east and west. The singing stage echoes warmly with the sounds of spring, while the dance hall remains cold and desolate in the wind and rain. Within a single day, within a single palace, the climate varies greatly.

Concubines and court ladies, princes and royal heirs, descend from the towers and palaces, arriving in Qin, where they sing in the morning and play strings at night, as the palace residents of Qin. The bright stars shine in the mirrors of their makeup, the green clouds swirl as they style their hair, the Wei River swells with excess makeup being washed away, and the smoke and mist linger as perfumes and incense burn. Thunder suddenly startles as the palace carriages pass by, the distant rumble of wheels is heard, but their destination remains unknown. Every detail of their appearance is graceful and enchanting, even from afar. Those who cannot see them are left longing for thirty-six years. The treasures of Yan and Zhao, the prosperity of Han and Wei, the elite of Qi and Chu, through generations and centuries, have been seized and accumulated, towering like mountains. Yet in an instant, they could not hold onto it, losing it all in the end. The golden treasures, jade stones, and precious gems, discarded and abandoned, the people of Qin do not value them greatly.

Alas! The heart of one person is the heart of millions. Qin indulges in extravagance, while the people also yearn for their homes. How can they squander their wealth like grains of sand, neglecting the farmers who bear the burdens and the women who toil in the workshops? The people dare not speak but are filled with anger. The arrogance of the tyrant grows day by day. The soldiers cry out, the valley is raised, and the Chu people light a torch, leaving behind scorched earth!

Alas, it was the six states that destroyed each other, not Qin. Those who belong to Qin are Qin, not the whole world. Alas! If each of the six states loved their people, they could have resisted Qin. If Qin had also loved the people of the six states, they could have ruled for generations to come. Who would have been able to destroy them? The people of Qin did not mourn for themselves, and others mourned for them. Those who mourned did not learn from it, causing future generations to mourn for them again.

门球狂人

002

子虚赋

司马相如 · 汉

楚使子虚使于齐，王悉发车骑，与使者出田。田罢，子虚过奼乌有先生，亡是公在焉。坐定，乌有先生问曰：“今日田乐乎？”子虚曰：“乐。”“获多乎？”曰：“少。”“然则何乐？”对曰：“仆乐齐王之欲夸仆以车骑之众，而仆对以云梦之事也。”曰：“可得闻乎？”
子虚曰：“可。王车驾千乘，选徒万骑，田于海滨。列卒满泽，罘罔弥山，掩兔辚鹿，射麇脚麟。骛于盐浦，割鲜染轮。射中获多，矜而自功。顾谓仆曰：‘楚亦有平原广泽游猎之地饶乐若此者乎？楚王之猎孰与寡人乎？’仆下车对曰：‘臣，楚国之鄙人也，幸得宿卫十有余年，时从出游，游于后园，览于有无，然犹未能遍睹也，又焉足以言其外泽者乎！’齐王曰：‘虽然，略以子之所闻见而言之。’
“仆对曰：‘唯唯。臣闻楚有七泽，尝见其一，未睹其余也。臣之所见，盖特其小小耳者，名曰云梦。云梦者，方九百里，其中有山焉。其山则盘纡茀郁，隆崇嵂崒；岑崟参差，日月蔽亏；交错纠纷，上干青云；罢池陂陀，下属江河。其土则丹青赭垩，雌黄白坿，锡碧金银，众色炫耀，照烂龙鳞。其石则赤玉玫瑰，琳瑉琨吾，瑊玏玄厉，碝石碔玞。其东则有蕙圃：衡兰芷若，芎藭昌蒲，茳蓠麋芜，诸柘巴苴。其南则有平原广泽，登降陁靡，案衍坛曼。缘以大江，限以巫山。其高燥则生葴菥苞荔，薛莎青薠。其卑湿则生藏莨蒹葭，东蔷雕胡，莲藕觚卢、菴闾轩于，众物居之，不可胜图。其西则有涌泉清池，激水推移，外发芙蓉菱华，内隐钜石白沙。其中则有神龟蛟鼍，瑇瑁鳖鼋。其北则有阴林：其树楩柟豫章，桂椒木兰，蘖离朱杨，樝梨梬栗，橘柚芬芳；其上则有鹓雏孔鸾，腾远射干；其下则有白虎玄豹，蟃蜒貙犴。
‘于是乃使剸诸之伦，手格此兽。楚王乃驾驯驳之驷，乘雕玉之舆。靡鱼须之桡旃，曳明月之珠旗。建干将之雄戟，左乌号之雕弓，右夏服之劲箭。阳子骖乘，纤阿为御，案节未舒，即陵狡兽。蹴蛩蛩，辚距虚，轶野马，轊陶駼，乘遗风，射游骐。倏眒倩浰，雷动猋至，星流霆击。弓不虚发，中必决眦，洞胸达腋，绝乎心系。获若雨兽，揜草蔽地。于是楚王乃弭节俳徊，翱翔容与。览乎阴林，观壮士之暴怒，与猛兽之恐惧。徼郄受诎，殚睹众物之变态。
‘于是郑女曼姬，被阿緆，揄紵缟，杂纤罗，垂雾縠。襞积褰绉，郁桡溪谷。衯衯裶裶，扬袘戌削，蜚纤垂髾。扶与猗靡，噏呷萃蔡。下摩兰蕙，上拂羽盖。错翡翠之威蕤，缪绕玉绥。眇眇忽忽，若神仙之仿佛。
‘于是乃相与獠于蕙圃，媻珊郣窣，上乎金堤。揜翡翠，射鵕鸃。微矰出，孅缴施。弋白鹄，连鴐鹅。双鸧下，玄鹤加。怠而后发，游于清池。浮文鹢，扬旌栧。张翠帷，建羽盖。罔瑇瑁，钩紫贝。摐金鼓，吹鸣籁。榜人歌，声流喝。水虫骇，波鸿沸。涌泉起，奔扬会。礧石相击，硠硠礚礚，若雷霆之声，闻乎数百里之外。将息獠者，击灵鼓，起烽燧。车按行，骑就队。纚乎淫淫，般乎裔裔。
‘于是楚王乃登云阳之台，怕乎无为，澹乎自持，勺药之和，具而后御之。不若大王终日驰骋，曾不下舆，脟割轮焠，自以为娱。臣窃观之，齐殆不如。’于是齐王默然无以应仆也。”
乌有先生曰：“是何言之过也！足下不远千里，来贶齐国，王悉发境内之士，而备车骑之众，与使者出畋，乃欲勠力致获，以娱左右，何名为夸哉！问楚地之有无者，愿闻大国之风烈，先生之余论也。今足下不称楚王之德厚，而盛推云梦以为高，奢言淫乐而显侈靡，窃为足下不取也。必若所言，固非楚国之美也。无而言之，是害足下之信也。章君恶、伤私义，二者无一可，而先生行之，必且轻于齐而累于楚矣。且齐东陼钜海，南有琅邪；观乎成山，射乎之罘；浮勃澥，游孟诸；邪与肃慎为邻，右以汤谷为界。秋田乎青丘，彷徨乎海外。吞若云梦者八九于其胸中曾不蒂芥。若乃俶傥瑰伟，异方殊类，珍怪鸟兽，万端鳞崪充牣其中，不可胜记。禹不能名，卨不能计。然在诸侯之位，不敢言游戏之乐，苑囿之大；先生又见客，是以王辞不复，何为无以应哉！”
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英文

On the way to Qi, Chu's envoy, Subi, accompanied by the king's entourage, went out to the fields with the messenger. After finishing in the fields, Subi met with Master Wuyou in a pavilion. As they sat down, Master Wuyou asked, "Did you enjoy the fields today?" Subi replied, "I did." "Did you catch much?" asked Master Wuyou. Subi replied, "Not much." "Then what brought you joy?" Master Wuyou inquired. Subi replied, "I found joy in the desire of the Qi king to boast about his multitude of chariots and cavalry, while I countered with tales of the wonders of Yunmeng."

Subi continued, "The king rode in a thousand chariots, with ten thousand selected riders, hunting by the sea. The troops filled the marshes, the nets spread far and wide, capturing hares, deer, and rare beasts. They raced at the salt flats, cutting fresh tracks. With many successful shots, they boasted of their own achievements. The king turned to me and said, 'Does Chu have hunting grounds as rich and enjoyable as this? How does Chu's king compare to me?' I got off the chariot and replied, 'I am but a humble man from Chu, fortunate to have served in the guard for over ten years. I have accompanied outings and explored the inner gardens, but I have yet to see everything. How can I speak of the outer marshes?' The Qi king said, 'Nevertheless, share what you have heard and seen.'

"I began, 'Indeed. I have heard of Chu's seven marshes and have only seen one. The one I saw was called Yunmeng. Yunmeng spans nine hundred miles, with a mountain within it. The mountain twists and turns, towering and rugged; its peaks are uneven, blocking the sun and moon; intertwining and confusing, reaching the blue sky; with pools and lakes, flowing into rivers. The land is painted with red, yellow, white, and blue, shining with various colors, gleaming like dragon scales. The stones are red jade, rose quartz, and other precious gems. To the east, there is a garden of fragrant plants. To the south, there are vast plains and marshes, bordered by a great river and the Wushan mountains. In the dry heights, there are rare plants, while in the wetlands, there are abundant flora and fauna, too numerous to describe. To the west, there are gushing springs and clear pools, with mythical creatures like dragons, turtles, and tortoises. To the north, there is a dark forest with towering trees and exotic fruits, inhabited by various beasts.

"Then they released the hunting dogs, ready to catch these beasts. The Chu king rode on a spirited horse, in a jade carriage, with fish-tail banners and pearl flags. He wielded a powerful spear and a bow, with arrows at the ready. His son rode beside him, with a beautiful woman as his charioteer. They swiftly chased after the cunning beasts, capturing them with skill. The king's arrows never missed, striking true and deep, piercing the hearts of the beasts. They caught so many animals that the grass covered the ground. The king then relaxed and enjoyed the view, witnessing the fury of the brave men and the fear of the fierce beasts. They observed the changes in the environment and the reactions of the creatures.

"Then the lady of Zheng, dressed in silk and adorned with jewels, floated gracefully, her garments fluttering in the wind. Her movements were like a fairy, ethereal and enchanting."

Upon hearing the request,, adorned in elegant attire, walking along the Golden Causeway. They carried jade ornaments, shooting arrows at various birds. With precision and grace, they hunted white geese and swans, while black cranes and herons down. After a leisurely stroll, they arrived at the clear pool, where they floated on elegant boats and raised colorful banners. The canopy of feathers was raised, and precious jewels and rare treasures were displayed. The sound of golden drums and melodious flutes filled the air, as they sang and danced with joy The water creatures were startled, creating ripples and waves, as springs gushed forth and mingled together. The clash of rocks echoed loudly, like thunder, heard for miles around. When it was time to rest, they beat the sacred drums and lit signal fires, organizing themselves into groups for the journey back Their movements were graceful and harmonious, like a flowing river.

Then, the King of Chu ascended the platform at Yunyang, calm and composed, enjoying the tranquility and beauty of the surroundings. He prepared his medicines and chariots, ready to embark on his daily adventures without ever descending from his chariot, finding delight in the thrill of the chase. The minister observed this and thought that even the King of Qi could not compare. The King of Qi remained silent, unable to respond to the minister's words.

Wuyou said, "What a misunderstanding! You have traveled a long way to offer gifts to the state of Qi, and the king has mobilized his soldiers and prepared his chariots to accompany you on a hunt. Your intention was to exert yourself and achieve success, to entertain those around you, how can this be considered boastful? If you question the wealth and power of the Chu state, I would like to hear about the magnificence of the great kingdom, as well as your opinions. You do not praise the kindness of the King of Chu, but instead extol the extravagance of Yunmeng, speaking of luxury and excess, which I believe is not a true representation of the beauty of the Chu state. By not speaking the truth, you are damaging your own credibility. It is not right to criticize the actions of others and betray your own principles, both of which are unacceptable. By following this path, you may find yourself favoring Qi over Chu, burdened by your own actions. Furthermore, Qi stretches from the vast sea in the east to the mountains of Langye in the south, with majestic peaks and fertile valleys. It is bordered by the states of Xue and Shen, with the Tanggu region as its boundary. The fields in autumn are abundant, stretching to the distant horizon. The treasures of Yunmeng are but a small fraction of what Qi possesses. The diversity and grandeur of its landscapes, the exotic and rare birds and beasts, the countless wonders and marvels that fill its lands, are beyond compare. Even Emperor Yu could not name them all, and the Xie could not measure them. Yet, despite holding such a position among the states, Qi does not boast of its leisure and pleasure gardens, its vast estates. As a guest in their court, it is no wonder the king did not reply, as there was no need to. Why then should he be considered speechless?"