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320期 2026.01.11 星期日 晨语
《札记·涿州》02
“范阳卢”始祖：卢植
涿州城东北数里，有村落名卢家场。这里看似平凡，却长眠着一位奠定涿州千年文脉、并在东汉末年历史风云中留下浓墨重彩的一代儒宗——卢植，字子干（139年--192年）。
涿州，自古“地扼幽燕之喉，势控朔漠之背”，素有“天下第一州”之誉。在这片浩瀚的历史星空中，卢植无疑是最为璀璨的星辰之一。他不仅是东汉末年的国之干城，更是“范阳卢氏”的始祖，是涿州人“刚毅有大节”精神图腾的缔造者。
卢植之非凡，首在于他打破了传统文人“柔弱”的刻板印象，实现了“上马击狂胡，下马草军书”的文武双全。早年求学大儒马融门下，马融家富且豪，讲学常列女乐助兴，丝竹管弦不绝。然而卢植侍讲多年，未尝转眄，其心志专一、定力深厚，令马融叹服。这种在声色犬马中不为所动的定力，正是他日后在乱世中坚守节操的基石。学成之后，他不仅精通今古文经学，更对时局有着超越常人的深刻洞察。
光和七年，黄巾起义爆发，天下震动。百官惊慌失措，唯卢植临危受命，以北中郎将率军镇压。他治军严整，连战连捷，将黄巾军主力逼入广宗，眼看大功告成，却因拒绝向宦官左丰行贿而被诬陷入狱。若非皇甫嵩等人力保，一代名将险些死于谗言。即便如此，当董卓进京欲行废立，满朝文武慑于淫威唯唯诺诺时，唯有卢植挺身而出，抗言直谏。董卓虽凶暴，却因忌惮卢植名望而不敢加害。这种强权面前不低头、危难时刻不退缩的气度，正是涿州人豪爽刚烈性格的最佳注脚。
除了个人的刚正不阿，卢植对中国历史进程最直接的影响，在于他的教育成就。在涿州古城内，至今流传“卢植授徒”佳话。他的门生中，走出了彻底改变汉末格局的刘备与公孙瓒。刘备少时家贫，曾“与同宗刘德然、辽西公孙瓒俱事故九江太守同郡卢植”。正是在卢植教导下，刘备习得儒家仁义之道，开阔政治视野，终成蜀汉帝业。公孙瓒亦在其门下受业，后成北方诸侯。可以说，卢植是三国乱世的“总导演”之一，他的思想通过这些弟子，深刻影响了那个英雄辈出的时代。涿州人常以此为荣：刘备是帝，公孙瓒是帅，而卢植是师。这种“名师出高徒”的传承，使涿州在汉末三国时期成为人才高地。
卢植最为深远的影响，在于确立了“范阳卢氏”这一中华望族的根基。自卢植始，范阳卢氏成为“北州冠族”，在魏晋南北朝乃至隋唐时期声望显赫，与清河崔氏、博陵崔氏、陇西李氏等并称“五姓七望”。唐太宗李世民曾感叹门阀之盛，但即便在皇权极力打压门阀的唐代，范阳卢氏依然人才济济，仅唐朝便出了八位宰相。这种家族荣耀的源头，正是卢植当年“名著海内，学为儒宗，士之楷模，国之桢干”的德行积累。
卢植的一生，是对“忠义”二字的最好诠释。他忠于汉室，不畏权贵；他义于生民，心怀苍生。其墓志铭云：“风霜以别草木之性，危乱而见贞良之节。”这正是对他一生最准确的评价。
今日之涿州，高楼林立，气象万千，卢植的风骨依然流淌在每一位涿州人的血液里。他提醒着后人：无论身处何种时代，都要保持独立的人格，坚守道德的底线，追求学问的真谛。
范阳卢植，如同一座巍峨的丰碑，矗立在涿州的历史长河中。他以儒宗之尊，光耀千古；以文武之略，安邦定国。他是涿州的骄傲，更是中华民族精神史上一座不可磨灭的坐标。
（刘会军 2026.1.11 涿州）
（字数：997字）
"Notes on Zhuozhou" 02
The Ancestor of "Fanyang Lu Clan": Lu Zhi
Several miles northeast of Zhuozhou City lies a village named Lujiachang. Though seemingly ordinary, it is the resting place of a Confucian master who laid the foundation for Zhuozhou's thousand-year cultural heritage and left a profound mark in the historical upheavals of the late Eastern Han Dynasty — Lu Zhi, styled Zigan (139–192).
Zhuozhou, historically known as "a throat扼 controlling You and Yan, a back shielding the northern deserts," has long been hailed as "the No.1 Prefecture under Heaven." In the vast firmament of its history, Lu Zhi is undoubtedly one of the most brilliant stars. He was not only a pillar of the state in the late Eastern Han Dynasty but also the ancestor of the "Fanyang Lu Clan" and the founder of the spiritual totem of Zhuozhou people — "resolute and noble in character."
Lu Zhi's extraordinariness first lies in breaking the stereotype of traditional scholars as "weak," embodying the versatility of "mounting a horse to strike at fierce barbarians, dismounting to draft military documents." In his early years, he studied under the great Confucian scholar Ma Rong. Ma Rong was wealthy and lavish, often having female musicians perform during lectures, with music lingering constantly. Yet, during the years Lu Zhi attended these lectures, he never once glanced sideways. His single-minded focus and profound resolve won Ma Rong's admiration. This unwavering composure amid sensual pleasures laid the groundwork for his adherence to moral integrity in turbulent times. After completing his studies, he not only mastered both modern and ancient text Confucian classics but also had a deeper insight into current affairs than ordinary people.
In the seventh year of Guanghe (184 AD), the Yellow Turban Rebellion erupted, shaking the entire nation. While officials panicked, only Lu Zhi accepted the mission in crisis, leading troops as Northern Zhonglangjiang to suppress the rebellion. He governed the army strictly, winning successive battles, and drove the main force of the Yellow Turbans into Guangzong. With victory within reach, he was falsely accused and imprisoned for refusing to bribe the eunuch Zuo Feng. Had it not been for the protection of Huangfu Song and others, this renowned general would have nearly died from slander. Even so, when Dong Zhuo entered the capital and intended to depose the emperor, all civil and military officials, intimidated by his tyranny, meekly submitted — only Lu Zhi stepped forward to remonstrate directly. Though Dong Zhuo was cruel, he dared not harm Lu Zhi for fear of his reputation. This demeanor of not bowing to power and not shrinking in危难 perfectly exemplifies the bold and steadfast character of Zhuozhou people.
Beyond his personal integrity, Lu Zhi's most direct impact on China's historical process lies in his educational achievements. In the ancient city of Zhuozhou, the story of "Lu Zhi teaching disciples" still circulates. Among his students were Liu Bei and Gongsun Zan, who thoroughly changed the landscape of the late Han Dynasty. Liu Bei, poor in his youth, once "studied together with his clansman Liu Deran and Liaoxi's Gongsun Zan under Lu Zhi, the former Prefect of Jiujiang and a townsman." It was under Lu Zhi's teachings that Liu Bei learned Confucian principles of benevolence and righteousness, broadened his political vision, and eventually founded the Shu-Han imperial cause. Gongsun Zan also studied under him and later became a northern warlord. It can be said that Lu Zhi was one of the "masterminds" of the chaotic Three Kingdoms period; his ideas, through these disciples, profoundly influenced that era of heroic figures. Zhuozhou people often take pride in this: Liu Bei was an emperor, Gongsun Zan a marshal, and Lu Zhi their teacher. This heritage of "a great teacher nurturing outstanding pupils" made Zhuozhou a talent hub during the late Han and Three Kingdoms periods.
Lu Zhi's most far-reaching influence lies in establishing the foundation of the "Fanyang Lu Clan" — a prominent clan in China. Starting from Lu Zhi, the Fanyang Lu Clan became the "foremost clan of the northern prefectures," enjoying great prestige from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was ranked among the "Five Surnames and Seven Clans" alongside the Qinghe Cui, Boling Cui, Longxi Li, etc. Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, once lamented the power of these aristocratic clans. Even in the Tang Dynasty, when imperial power vigorously suppressed门阀, the Fanyang Lu Clan still produced numerous talents, including eight prime ministers alone. The source of this family's glory lies in the accumulation of virtues by Lu Zhi, who was "renowned across the land, a paragon of Confucian learning, a model for scholars, and a pillar of the state."
Lu Zhi's life was the best interpretation of "loyalty" and "righteousness." He was loyal to the Han Dynasty, fearless of权贵; he was righteous to the people, with compassion for all living beings. His epitaph reads: "Wind and frost distinguish the nature of plants and trees; crises and chaos reveal the integrity of the virtuous." This is the most accurate evaluation of his life.
Today's Zhuozhou, with its towering buildings and ever-changing scenes, still carries Lu Zhi's spirit in the blood of every Zhuozhou person. He reminds future generations: no matter the era, one must maintain an independent personality, uphold moral bottom lines, and pursue the true essence of knowledge.
Lu Zhi of Fanyang, like a majestic monument, stands tall in the historical river of Zhuozhou. With his dignity as a Confucian master, he shines through the ages; with his military and literary strategies, he stabilized the state and secured the nation. He is the pride of Zhuozhou and an indelible landmark in the spiritual history of the Chinese nation.
(Liu Huijun, Zhuozhou, January 11th, 2026)
(Word count: 997)
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